path: root/libsolidity/interface/CompilerStack.h

/*
    This file is part of cpp-ethereum.

    cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/**
 * @author Christian <c@ethdev.com>
 * @author Gav Wood <g@ethdev.com>
 * @date 2014
 * Full-stack compiler that converts a source code string to bytecode.
 */

#pragma once

#include <ostream>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <json/json.h>
#include <libdevcore/Common.h>
#include <libdevcore/FixedHash.h>
#include <libevmasm/SourceLocation.h>
#include <libevmasm/LinkerObject.h>
#include <libsolidity/interface/Exceptions.h>

namespace dev
{

namespace eth
{
class Assembly;
class AssemblyItem;
using AssemblyItems = std::vector<AssemblyItem>;
}

namespace solidity
{

// forward declarations
class Scanner;
class ContractDefinition;
class FunctionDefinition;
class SourceUnit;
class Compiler;
class GlobalContext;
class InterfaceHandler;
class Error;

enum class DocumentationType: uint8_t
{
    NatspecUser = 1,
    NatspecDev,
    ABIInterface
};

/**
 * Easy to use and self-contained Solidity compiler with as few header dependencies as possible.
 * It holds state and can be used to either step through the compilation stages (and abort e.g.
 * before compilation to bytecode) or run the whole compilation in one call.
 */
class CompilerStack: boost::noncopyable
{
public:
    struct ReadFileResult
    {
        bool success;
        std::string contentsOrErrorMesage;
    };

    /// File reading callback.
    using ReadFileCallback = std::function<ReadFileResult(std::string const&)>;

    /// Creates a new compiler stack.
    /// @param _readFile callback to used to read files for import statements. Should return
    /// @param _addStandardSources Adds standard sources if @a _addStandardSources.
    explicit CompilerStack(bool _addStandardSources = true, ReadFileCallback const& _readFile = ReadFileCallback());

    /// Sets path remappings in the format "context:prefix=target"
    void setRemappings(std::vector<std::string> const& _remappings);

    /// Resets the compiler to a state where the sources are not parsed or even removed.
    void reset(bool _keepSources = false, bool _addStandardSources = true);

    /// Adds a source object (e.g. file) to the parser. After this, parse has to be called again.
    /// @returns true if a source object by the name already existed and was replaced.
    void addSources(StringMap const& _nameContents, bool _isLibrary = false)
    {
        for (auto const& i: _nameContents) addSource(i.first, i.second, _isLibrary);
    }
    bool addSource(std::string const& _name, std::string const& _content, bool _isLibrary = false);
    void setSource(std::string const& _sourceCode);
    /// Parses all source units that were added
    /// @returns false on error.
    bool parse();
    /// Sets the given source code as the only source unit apart from standard sources and parses it.
    /// @returns false on error.
    bool parse(std::string const& _sourceCode);
    /// @returns a list of the contract names in the sources.
    std::vector<std::string> contractNames() const;
    std::string defaultContractName() const;

    /// Compiles the source units that were previously added and parsed.
    /// @returns false on error.
    bool compile(bool _optimize = false, unsigned _runs = 200);
    /// Parses and compiles the given source code.
    /// @returns false on error.
    bool compile(std::string const& _sourceCode, bool _optimize = false);

    /// Inserts the given addresses into the linker objects of all compiled contracts.
    void link(std::map<std::string, h160> const& _libraries);

    /// Tries to translate all source files into a language suitable for formal analysis.
    /// @param _errors list to store errors - defaults to the internal error list.
    /// @returns false on error.
    bool prepareFormalAnalysis(ErrorList* _errors = nullptr);
    std::string const& formalTranslation() const { return m_formalTranslation; }

    /// @returns the assembled object for a contract.
    eth::LinkerObject const& object(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    /// @returns the runtime object for the contract.
    eth::LinkerObject const& runtimeObject(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    /// @returns the bytecode of a contract that uses an already deployed contract via DELEGATECALL.
    /// The returned bytes will contain a sequence of 20 bytes of the format "XXX...XXX" which have to
    /// substituted by the actual address. Note that this sequence starts end ends in three X
    /// characters but can contain anything in between.
    eth::LinkerObject const& cloneObject(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    /// @returns normal contract assembly items
    eth::AssemblyItems const* assemblyItems(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    /// @returns runtime contract assembly items
    eth::AssemblyItems const* runtimeAssemblyItems(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    /// @returns the string that provides a mapping between bytecode and sourcecode or a nullptr
    /// if the contract does not (yet) have bytecode.
    std::string const* sourceMapping(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    /// @returns the string that provides a mapping between runtime bytecode and sourcecode.
    /// if the contract does not (yet) have bytecode.
    std::string const* runtimeSourceMapping(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    /// @returns hash of the runtime bytecode for the contract, i.e. the code that is
    /// returned by the constructor or the zero-h256 if the contract still needs to be linked or
    /// does not have runtime code.
    dev::h256 contractCodeHash(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;

    /// Streams a verbose version of the assembly to @a _outStream.
    /// @arg _sourceCodes is the map of input files to source code strings
    /// @arg _inJsonFromat shows whether the out should be in Json format
    /// Prerequisite: Successful compilation.
    Json::Value streamAssembly(std::ostream& _outStream, std::string const& _contractName = "", StringMap _sourceCodes = StringMap(), bool _inJsonFormat = false) const;

    /// @returns the list of sources (paths) used
    std::vector<std::string> sourceNames() const;
    /// @returns a mapping assigning each source name its index inside the vector returned
    /// by sourceNames().
    std::map<std::string, unsigned> sourceIndices() const;
    /// @returns a string representing the contract interface in JSON.
    /// Prerequisite: Successful call to parse or compile.
    std::string const& interface(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    /// @returns a string representing the contract's documentation in JSON.
    /// Prerequisite: Successful call to parse or compile.
    /// @param type The type of the documentation to get.
    /// Can be one of 4 types defined at @c DocumentationType
    std::string const& metadata(std::string const& _contractName, DocumentationType _type) const;

    /// @returns the previously used scanner, useful for counting lines during error reporting.
    Scanner const& scanner(std::string const& _sourceName = "") const;
    /// @returns the parsed source unit with the supplied name.
    SourceUnit const& ast(std::string const& _sourceName = "") const;
    /// @returns the parsed contract with the supplied name. Throws an exception if the contract
    /// does not exist.
    ContractDefinition const& contractDefinition(std::string const& _contractName) const;

    /// @returns the offset of the entry point of the given function into the list of assembly items
    /// or zero if it is not found or does not exist.
    size_t functionEntryPoint(
        std::string const& _contractName,
        FunctionDefinition const& _function
    ) const;

    /// Helper function for logs printing. Do only use in error cases, it's quite expensive.
    /// line and columns are numbered starting from 1 with following order:
    /// start line, start column, end line, end column
    std::tuple<int, int, int, int> positionFromSourceLocation(SourceLocation const& _sourceLocation) const;

    /// @returns the list of errors that occured during parsing and type checking.
    ErrorList const& errors() const { return m_errors; }

private:
    /**
     * Information pertaining to one source unit, filled gradually during parsing and compilation.
     */
    struct Source
    {
        std::shared_ptr<Scanner> scanner;
        std::shared_ptr<SourceUnit> ast;
        bool isLibrary = false;
        void reset() { scanner.reset(); ast.reset(); }
    };

    struct Contract
    {
        ContractDefinition const* contract = nullptr;
        std::shared_ptr<Compiler> compiler;
        eth::LinkerObject object;
        eth::LinkerObject runtimeObject;
        eth::LinkerObject cloneObject;
        mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> interface;
        mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> userDocumentation;
        mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> devDocumentation;
        mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> sourceMapping;
        mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> runtimeSourceMapping;
    };

    /// Loads the missing sources from @a _ast (named @a _path) using the callback
    /// @a m_readFile and stores the absolute paths of all imports in the AST annotations.
    /// @returns the newly loaded sources.
    StringMap loadMissingSources(SourceUnit const& _ast, std::string const& _path);
    std::string applyRemapping(std::string const& _path, std::string const& _context);
    void resolveImports();
    /// Checks whether there are libraries with the same name, reports that as an error and
    /// @returns false in this case.
    bool checkLibraryNameClashes();
    /// @returns the absolute path corresponding to @a _path relative to @a _reference.
    std::string absolutePath(std::string const& _path, std::string const& _reference) const;
    /// Compile a single contract and put the result in @a _compiledContracts.
    void compileContract(
        bool _optimize,
        unsigned _runs,
        ContractDefinition const& _contract,
        std::map<ContractDefinition const*, eth::Assembly const*>& _compiledContracts
    );

    Contract const& contract(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
    Source const& source(std::string const& _sourceName = "") const;

    std::string computeSourceMapping(eth::AssemblyItems const& _items) const;

    struct Remapping
    {
        std::string context;
        std::string prefix;
        std::string target;
    };

    ReadFileCallback m_readFile;
    /// list of path prefix remappings, e.g. mylibrary: github.com/ethereum = /usr/local/ethereum
    /// "context:prefix=target"
    std::vector<Remapping> m_remappings;
    bool m_parseSuccessful;
    std::map<std::string const, Source> m_sources;
    std::shared_ptr<GlobalContext> m_globalContext;
    std::vector<Source const*> m_sourceOrder;
    std::map<std::string const, Contract> m_contracts;
    std::string m_formalTranslation;
    ErrorList m_errors;
};

}
}