Merge pull request #2455 from zsfelfoldi/chaindb

core: improved chain db performance by using sequential keys

11 files changed, 400 insertions, 149 deletions

diff --git a/eth/api.go b/eth/api.go
index f5f942c27..3cb6c4d10 100644
--- a/eth/api.go
+++ b/eth/api.go
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetBlockByNumber(blockNr rpc.BlockNumber, fullTx b
 // GetBlockByHash returns the requested block. When fullTx is true all transactions in the block are returned in full
 // detail, otherwise only the transaction hash is returned.
 func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetBlockByHash(blockHash common.Hash, fullTx bool) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	if block := s.bc.GetBlock(blockHash); block != nil {
+	if block := s.bc.GetBlockByHash(blockHash); block != nil {
 		return s.rpcOutputBlock(block, true, fullTx)
 	}
 	return nil, nil
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex(blockNr rpc.BlockNum
 // GetUncleByBlockHashAndIndex returns the uncle block for the given block hash and index. When fullTx is true
 // all transactions in the block are returned in full detail, otherwise only the transaction hash is returned.
 func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetUncleByBlockHashAndIndex(blockHash common.Hash, index rpc.HexNumber) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	if block := s.bc.GetBlock(blockHash); block != nil {
+	if block := s.bc.GetBlockByHash(blockHash); block != nil {
 		uncles := block.Uncles()
 		if index.Int() < 0 || index.Int() >= len(uncles) {
 			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("uncle block on index %d not found for block %s", index.Int(), blockHash.Hex())
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetUncleCountByBlockNumber(blockNr rpc.BlockNumber
 
 // GetUncleCountByBlockHash returns number of uncles in the block for the given block hash
 func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetUncleCountByBlockHash(blockHash common.Hash) *rpc.HexNumber {
-	if block := s.bc.GetBlock(blockHash); block != nil {
+	if block := s.bc.GetBlockByHash(blockHash); block != nil {
 		return rpc.NewHexNumber(len(block.Uncles()))
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) rpcOutputBlock(b *types.Block, inclTx bool, fullTx
 		"stateRoot":        b.Root(),
 		"miner":            b.Coinbase(),
 		"difficulty":       rpc.NewHexNumber(b.Difficulty()),
-		"totalDifficulty":  rpc.NewHexNumber(s.bc.GetTd(b.Hash())),
+		"totalDifficulty":  rpc.NewHexNumber(s.bc.GetTd(b.Hash(), b.NumberU64())),
 		"extraData":        fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", b.Extra()),
 		"size":             rpc.NewHexNumber(b.Size().Int64()),
 		"gasLimit":         rpc.NewHexNumber(b.GasLimit()),
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ func (s *PublicTransactionPoolAPI) GetBlockTransactionCountByNumber(blockNr rpc.
 
 // GetBlockTransactionCountByHash returns the number of transactions in the block with the given hash.
 func (s *PublicTransactionPoolAPI) GetBlockTransactionCountByHash(blockHash common.Hash) *rpc.HexNumber {
-	if block := s.bc.GetBlock(blockHash); block != nil {
+	if block := s.bc.GetBlockByHash(blockHash); block != nil {
 		return rpc.NewHexNumber(len(block.Transactions()))
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ func (s *PublicTransactionPoolAPI) GetTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex(blockNr r
 
 // GetTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex returns the transaction for the given block hash and index.
 func (s *PublicTransactionPoolAPI) GetTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex(blockHash common.Hash, index rpc.HexNumber) (*RPCTransaction, error) {
-	if block := s.bc.GetBlock(blockHash); block != nil {
+	if block := s.bc.GetBlockByHash(blockHash); block != nil {
 		return newRPCTransactionFromBlockIndex(block, index.Int())
 	}
 	return nil, nil
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ func (s *PublicTransactionPoolAPI) GetTransactionByHash(txHash common.Hash) (*RP
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
-	if block := s.bc.GetBlock(blockHash); block != nil {
+	if block := s.bc.GetBlockByHash(blockHash); block != nil {
 		return newRPCTransaction(block, txHash)
 	}
 
@@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ func (api *PrivateDebugAPI) TraceBlockByNumber(number uint64, config *vm.Config)
 // TraceBlockByHash processes the block by hash.
 func (api *PrivateDebugAPI) TraceBlockByHash(hash common.Hash, config *vm.Config) BlockTraceResult {
 	// Fetch the block that we aim to reprocess
-	block := api.eth.BlockChain().GetBlock(hash)
+	block := api.eth.BlockChain().GetBlockByHash(hash)
 	if block == nil {
 		return BlockTraceResult{Error: fmt.Sprintf("block #%x not found", hash)}
 	}
@@ -1745,10 +1745,10 @@ func (api *PrivateDebugAPI) traceBlock(block *types.Block, config *vm.Config) (b
 	config.Debug = true // make sure debug is set.
 	config.Logger.Collector = collector
 
-	if err := core.ValidateHeader(api.config, blockchain.AuxValidator(), block.Header(), blockchain.GetHeader(block.ParentHash()), true, false); err != nil {
+	if err := core.ValidateHeader(api.config, blockchain.AuxValidator(), block.Header(), blockchain.GetHeader(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1), true, false); err != nil {
 		return false, collector.traces, err
 	}
-	statedb, err := state.New(blockchain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash()).Root(), api.eth.ChainDb())
+	statedb, err := state.New(blockchain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1).Root(), api.eth.ChainDb())
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, collector.traces, err
 	}
@@ -1757,7 +1757,7 @@ func (api *PrivateDebugAPI) traceBlock(block *types.Block, config *vm.Config) (b
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, collector.traces, err
 	}
-	if err := validator.ValidateState(block, blockchain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash()), statedb, receipts, usedGas); err != nil {
+	if err := validator.ValidateState(block, blockchain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1), statedb, receipts, usedGas); err != nil {
 		return false, collector.traces, err
 	}
 	return true, collector.traces, nil
@@ -1841,12 +1841,12 @@ func (api *PrivateDebugAPI) TraceTransaction(txHash common.Hash, logger *vm.LogC
 	if tx == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("transaction %x not found", txHash)
 	}
-	block := api.eth.BlockChain().GetBlock(blockHash)
+	block := api.eth.BlockChain().GetBlockByHash(blockHash)
 	if block == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("block %x not found", blockHash)
 	}
 	// Create the state database to mutate and eventually trace
-	parent := api.eth.BlockChain().GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
+	parent := api.eth.BlockChain().GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
 	if parent == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("block parent %x not found", block.ParentHash())
 	}
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index bb487650b..006523484 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 package eth
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/miner"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 )
 
@@ -104,9 +102,9 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 type Ethereum struct {
-	chainConfig *core.ChainConfig
-	// Channel for shutting down the ethereum
-	shutdownChan chan bool
+	chainConfig   *core.ChainConfig
+	shutdownChan  chan bool // Channel for shutting down the ethereum
+	stopDbUpgrade func()    // stop chain db sequential key upgrade
 
 	// DB interfaces
 	chainDb ethdb.Database // Block chain database
@@ -161,6 +159,7 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 	if err := addMipmapBloomBins(chainDb); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	stopDbUpgrade := upgradeSequentialKeys(chainDb)
 
 	dappDb, err := ctx.OpenDatabase("dapp", config.DatabaseCache, config.DatabaseHandles)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 		chainDb = config.TestGenesisState
 	}
 	if config.TestGenesisBlock != nil {
-		core.WriteTd(chainDb, config.TestGenesisBlock.Hash(), config.TestGenesisBlock.Difficulty())
+		core.WriteTd(chainDb, config.TestGenesisBlock.Hash(), config.TestGenesisBlock.NumberU64(), config.TestGenesisBlock.Difficulty())
 		core.WriteBlock(chainDb, config.TestGenesisBlock)
 		core.WriteCanonicalHash(chainDb, config.TestGenesisBlock.Hash(), config.TestGenesisBlock.NumberU64())
 		core.WriteHeadBlockHash(chainDb, config.TestGenesisBlock.Hash())
@@ -202,6 +201,7 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 
 	eth := &Ethereum{
 		shutdownChan:            make(chan bool),
+		stopDbUpgrade:           stopDbUpgrade,
 		chainDb:                 chainDb,
 		dappDb:                  dappDb,
 		eventMux:                ctx.EventMux,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 
 	// load the genesis block or write a new one if no genesis
 	// block is prenent in the database.
-	genesis := core.GetBlock(chainDb, core.GetCanonicalHash(chainDb, 0))
+	genesis := core.GetBlock(chainDb, core.GetCanonicalHash(chainDb, 0), 0)
 	if genesis == nil {
 		genesis, err = core.WriteDefaultGenesisBlock(chainDb)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -415,6 +415,9 @@ func (s *Ethereum) Start(srvr *p2p.Server) error {
 // Stop implements node.Service, terminating all internal goroutines used by the
 // Ethereum protocol.
 func (s *Ethereum) Stop() error {
+	if s.stopDbUpgrade != nil {
+		s.stopDbUpgrade()
+	}
 	s.blockchain.Stop()
 	s.protocolManager.Stop()
 	s.txPool.Stop()
@@ -526,104 +529,3 @@ func dagFiles(epoch uint64) (string, string) {
 	dag := fmt.Sprintf("full-R%d-%x", ethashRevision, seedHash[:8])
 	return dag, "full-R" + dag
 }
-
-// upgradeChainDatabase ensures that the chain database stores block split into
-// separate header and body entries.
-func upgradeChainDatabase(db ethdb.Database) error {
-	// Short circuit if the head block is stored already as separate header and body
-	data, err := db.Get([]byte("LastBlock"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	head := common.BytesToHash(data)
-
-	if block := core.GetBlockByHashOld(db, head); block == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	// At least some of the database is still the old format, upgrade (skip the head block!)
-	glog.V(logger.Info).Info("Old database detected, upgrading...")
-
-	if db, ok := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase); ok {
-		blockPrefix := []byte("block-hash-")
-		for it := db.NewIterator(); it.Next(); {
-			// Skip anything other than a combined block
-			if !bytes.HasPrefix(it.Key(), blockPrefix) {
-				continue
-			}
-			// Skip the head block (merge last to signal upgrade completion)
-			if bytes.HasSuffix(it.Key(), head.Bytes()) {
-				continue
-			}
-			// Load the block, split and serialize (order!)
-			block := core.GetBlockByHashOld(db, common.BytesToHash(bytes.TrimPrefix(it.Key(), blockPrefix)))
-
-			if err := core.WriteTd(db, block.Hash(), block.DeprecatedTd()); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if err := core.WriteBody(db, block.Hash(), block.Body()); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if err := core.WriteHeader(db, block.Header()); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if err := db.Delete(it.Key()); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		// Lastly, upgrade the head block, disabling the upgrade mechanism
-		current := core.GetBlockByHashOld(db, head)
-
-		if err := core.WriteTd(db, current.Hash(), current.DeprecatedTd()); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := core.WriteBody(db, current.Hash(), current.Body()); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := core.WriteHeader(db, current.Header()); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func addMipmapBloomBins(db ethdb.Database) (err error) {
-	const mipmapVersion uint = 2
-
-	// check if the version is set. We ignore data for now since there's
-	// only one version so we can easily ignore it for now
-	var data []byte
-	data, _ = db.Get([]byte("setting-mipmap-version"))
-	if len(data) > 0 {
-		var version uint
-		if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(data, &version); err == nil && version == mipmapVersion {
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	defer func() {
-		if err == nil {
-			var val []byte
-			val, err = rlp.EncodeToBytes(mipmapVersion)
-			if err == nil {
-				err = db.Put([]byte("setting-mipmap-version"), val)
-			}
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-	latestBlock := core.GetBlock(db, core.GetHeadBlockHash(db))
-	if latestBlock == nil { // clean database
-		return
-	}
-
-	tstart := time.Now()
-	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("upgrading db log bloom bins")
-	for i := uint64(0); i <= latestBlock.NumberU64(); i++ {
-		hash := core.GetCanonicalHash(db, i)
-		if (hash == common.Hash{}) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("chain db corrupted. Could not find block %d.", i)
-		}
-		core.WriteMipmapBloom(db, i, core.GetBlockReceipts(db, hash))
-	}
-	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("upgrade completed in", time.Since(tstart))
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/eth/backend_test.go b/eth/backend_test.go
index c2bed879b..cb94adbf0 100644
--- a/eth/backend_test.go
+++ b/eth/backend_test.go
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func TestMipmapUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := core.WriteHeadBlockHash(db, block.Hash()); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to insert block number: %v", err)
 		}
-		if err := core.WriteBlockReceipts(db, block.Hash(), receipts[i]); err != nil {
+		if err := core.WriteBlockReceipts(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receipts[i]); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal("error writing block receipts:", err)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/eth/db_upgrade.go b/eth/db_upgrade.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12de60fe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/eth/db_upgrade.go
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package eth implements the Ethereum protocol.
+package eth
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+var useSequentialKeys = []byte("dbUpgrade_20160530sequentialKeys")
+
+// upgradeSequentialKeys checks the chain database version and
+// starts a background process to make upgrades if necessary.
+// Returns a stop function that blocks until the process has
+// been safely stopped.
+func upgradeSequentialKeys(db ethdb.Database) (stopFn func()) {
+	data, _ := db.Get(useSequentialKeys)
+	if len(data) > 0 && data[0] == 42 {
+		return nil // already converted
+	}
+
+	if data, _ := db.Get([]byte("LastHeader")); len(data) == 0 {
+		db.Put(useSequentialKeys, []byte{42})
+		return nil // empty database, nothing to do
+	}
+
+	glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Upgrading chain database to use sequential keys")
+
+	stopChn := make(chan struct{})
+	stoppedChn := make(chan struct{})
+
+	go func() {
+		stopFn := func() bool {
+			select {
+			case <-time.After(time.Microsecond * 100): // make sure other processes don't get starved
+			case <-stopChn:
+				return true
+			}
+			return false
+		}
+
+		err, stopped := upgradeSequentialCanonicalNumbers(db, stopFn)
+		if err == nil && !stopped {
+			err, stopped = upgradeSequentialBlocks(db, stopFn)
+		}
+		if err == nil && !stopped {
+			err, stopped = upgradeSequentialOrphanedReceipts(db, stopFn)
+		}
+		if err == nil && !stopped {
+			glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Database conversion successful")
+			db.Put(useSequentialKeys, []byte{42})
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Database conversion failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		close(stoppedChn)
+	}()
+
+	return func() {
+		close(stopChn)
+		<-stoppedChn
+	}
+}
+
+// upgradeSequentialCanonicalNumbers reads all old format canonical numbers from
+// the database, writes them in new format and deletes the old ones if successful.
+func upgradeSequentialCanonicalNumbers(db ethdb.Database, stopFn func() bool) (error, bool) {
+	prefix := []byte("block-num-")
+	it := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase).NewIterator()
+	it.Seek(prefix)
+	cnt := 0
+	for bytes.HasPrefix(it.Key(), prefix) {
+		keyPtr := it.Key()
+		if len(keyPtr) < 20 {
+			cnt++
+			if cnt%100000 == 0 {
+				glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("converting %d canonical numbers...", cnt)
+			}
+			number := big.NewInt(0).SetBytes(keyPtr[10:]).Uint64()
+			newKey := []byte("h12345678n")
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(newKey[1:9], number)
+			if err := db.Put(newKey, it.Value()); err != nil {
+				return err, false
+			}
+			if err := db.Delete(keyPtr); err != nil {
+				return err, false
+			}
+		}
+
+		if stopFn() {
+			return nil, true
+		}
+		it.Next()
+	}
+	if cnt > 0 {
+		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("converted %d canonical numbers...", cnt)
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// upgradeSequentialBlocks reads all old format block headers, bodies, TDs and block
+// receipts from the database, writes them in new format and deletes the old ones
+// if successful.
+func upgradeSequentialBlocks(db ethdb.Database, stopFn func() bool) (error, bool) {
+	prefix := []byte("block-")
+	it := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase).NewIterator()
+	it.Seek(prefix)
+	cnt := 0
+	for bytes.HasPrefix(it.Key(), prefix) {
+		keyPtr := it.Key()
+		if len(keyPtr) >= 38 {
+			cnt++
+			if cnt%10000 == 0 {
+				glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("converting %d blocks...", cnt)
+			}
+			// convert header, body, td and block receipts
+			var keyPrefix [38]byte
+			copy(keyPrefix[:], keyPtr[0:38])
+			hash := keyPrefix[6:38]
+			if err := upgradeSequentialBlockData(db, hash); err != nil {
+				return err, false
+			}
+			// delete old db entries belonging to this hash
+			for bytes.HasPrefix(it.Key(), keyPrefix[:]) {
+				if err := db.Delete(it.Key()); err != nil {
+					return err, false
+				}
+				it.Next()
+			}
+			if err := db.Delete(append([]byte("receipts-block-"), hash...)); err != nil {
+				return err, false
+			}
+		} else {
+			it.Next()
+		}
+
+		if stopFn() {
+			return nil, true
+		}
+	}
+	if cnt > 0 {
+		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("converted %d blocks...", cnt)
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// upgradeSequentialOrphanedReceipts removes any old format block receipts from the
+// database that did not have a corresponding block
+func upgradeSequentialOrphanedReceipts(db ethdb.Database, stopFn func() bool) (error, bool) {
+	prefix := []byte("receipts-block-")
+	it := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase).NewIterator()
+	it.Seek(prefix)
+	cnt := 0
+	for bytes.HasPrefix(it.Key(), prefix) {
+		// phase 2 already converted receipts belonging to existing
+		// blocks, just remove if there's anything left
+		cnt++
+		if err := db.Delete(it.Key()); err != nil {
+			return err, false
+		}
+
+		if stopFn() {
+			return nil, true
+		}
+		it.Next()
+	}
+	if cnt > 0 {
+		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("removed %d orphaned block receipts...", cnt)
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// upgradeSequentialBlockData upgrades the header, body, td and block receipts
+// database entries belonging to a single hash (doesn't delete old data).
+func upgradeSequentialBlockData(db ethdb.Database, hash []byte) error {
+	// get old chain data and block number
+	headerRLP, _ := db.Get(append(append([]byte("block-"), hash...), []byte("-header")...))
+	if len(headerRLP) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	header := new(types.Header)
+	if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(headerRLP), header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	number := header.Number.Uint64()
+	bodyRLP, _ := db.Get(append(append([]byte("block-"), hash...), []byte("-body")...))
+	tdRLP, _ := db.Get(append(append([]byte("block-"), hash...), []byte("-td")...))
+	receiptsRLP, _ := db.Get(append([]byte("receipts-block-"), hash...))
+	// store new hash -> number association
+	encNum := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(encNum, number)
+	if err := db.Put(append([]byte("H"), hash...), encNum); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// store new chain data
+	if err := db.Put(append(append([]byte("h"), encNum...), hash...), headerRLP); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(tdRLP) != 0 {
+		if err := db.Put(append(append(append([]byte("h"), encNum...), hash...), []byte("t")...), tdRLP); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if len(bodyRLP) != 0 {
+		if err := db.Put(append(append([]byte("b"), encNum...), hash...), bodyRLP); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if len(receiptsRLP) != 0 {
+		if err := db.Put(append(append([]byte("r"), encNum...), hash...), receiptsRLP); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// upgradeChainDatabase ensures that the chain database stores block split into
+// separate header and body entries.
+func upgradeChainDatabase(db ethdb.Database) error {
+	// Short circuit if the head block is stored already as separate header and body
+	data, err := db.Get([]byte("LastBlock"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	head := common.BytesToHash(data)
+
+	if block := core.GetBlockByHashOld(db, head); block == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// At least some of the database is still the old format, upgrade (skip the head block!)
+	glog.V(logger.Info).Info("Old database detected, upgrading...")
+
+	if db, ok := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase); ok {
+		blockPrefix := []byte("block-hash-")
+		for it := db.NewIterator(); it.Next(); {
+			// Skip anything other than a combined block
+			if !bytes.HasPrefix(it.Key(), blockPrefix) {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Skip the head block (merge last to signal upgrade completion)
+			if bytes.HasSuffix(it.Key(), head.Bytes()) {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Load the block, split and serialize (order!)
+			block := core.GetBlockByHashOld(db, common.BytesToHash(bytes.TrimPrefix(it.Key(), blockPrefix)))
+
+			if err := core.WriteTd(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), block.DeprecatedTd()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := core.WriteBody(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), block.Body()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := core.WriteHeader(db, block.Header()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := db.Delete(it.Key()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		// Lastly, upgrade the head block, disabling the upgrade mechanism
+		current := core.GetBlockByHashOld(db, head)
+
+		if err := core.WriteTd(db, current.Hash(), current.NumberU64(), current.DeprecatedTd()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := core.WriteBody(db, current.Hash(), current.NumberU64(), current.Body()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := core.WriteHeader(db, current.Header()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func addMipmapBloomBins(db ethdb.Database) (err error) {
+	const mipmapVersion uint = 2
+
+	// check if the version is set. We ignore data for now since there's
+	// only one version so we can easily ignore it for now
+	var data []byte
+	data, _ = db.Get([]byte("setting-mipmap-version"))
+	if len(data) > 0 {
+		var version uint
+		if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(data, &version); err == nil && version == mipmapVersion {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err == nil {
+			var val []byte
+			val, err = rlp.EncodeToBytes(mipmapVersion)
+			if err == nil {
+				err = db.Put([]byte("setting-mipmap-version"), val)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+	latestHash := core.GetHeadBlockHash(db)
+	latestBlock := core.GetBlock(db, latestHash, core.GetBlockNumber(db, latestHash))
+	if latestBlock == nil { // clean database
+		return
+	}
+
+	tstart := time.Now()
+	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("upgrading db log bloom bins")
+	for i := uint64(0); i <= latestBlock.NumberU64(); i++ {
+		hash := core.GetCanonicalHash(db, i)
+		if (hash == common.Hash{}) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("chain db corrupted. Could not find block %d.", i)
+		}
+		core.WriteMipmapBloom(db, i, core.GetBlockReceipts(db, hash, i))
+	}
+	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("upgrade completed in", time.Since(tstart))
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/eth/filters/api.go b/eth/filters/api.go
index 7278e20b9..393019f8b 100644
--- a/eth/filters/api.go
+++ b/eth/filters/api.go
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ func (args *NewFilterArgs) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 		if len(raw) >= 2 && raw[0] == '0' && (raw[1] == 'x' || raw[1] == 'X') {
 			raw = raw[2:]
 		}
-		if len(raw) != 2 * common.HashLength {
+		if len(raw) != 2*common.HashLength {
 			return common.Hash{}, errors.New("invalid topic(s)")
 		}
 		if decAddr, err := hex.DecodeString(raw); err == nil {
diff --git a/eth/filters/filter.go b/eth/filters/filter.go
index 469dfba4d..995b588fb 100644
--- a/eth/filters/filter.go
+++ b/eth/filters/filter.go
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ func (self *Filter) SetTopics(topics [][]common.Hash) {
 
 // Run filters logs with the current parameters set
 func (self *Filter) Find() vm.Logs {
-	latestBlock := core.GetBlock(self.db, core.GetHeadBlockHash(self.db))
+	latestHash := core.GetHeadBlockHash(self.db)
+	latestBlock := core.GetBlock(self.db, latestHash, core.GetBlockNumber(self.db, latestHash))
 	var beginBlockNo uint64 = uint64(self.begin)
 	if self.begin == -1 {
 		beginBlockNo = latestBlock.NumberU64()
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ func (self *Filter) getLogs(start, end uint64) (logs vm.Logs) {
 	for i := start; i <= end; i++ {
 		hash := core.GetCanonicalHash(self.db, i)
 		if hash != (common.Hash{}) {
-			block = core.GetBlock(self.db, hash)
+			block = core.GetBlock(self.db, hash, i)
 		} else { // block not found
 			return logs
 		}
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ func (self *Filter) getLogs(start, end uint64) (logs vm.Logs) {
 		if self.bloomFilter(block) {
 			// Get the logs of the block
 			var (
-				receipts   = core.GetBlockReceipts(self.db, block.Hash())
+				receipts   = core.GetBlockReceipts(self.db, block.Hash(), i)
 				unfiltered vm.Logs
 			)
 			for _, receipt := range receipts {
diff --git a/eth/filters/filter_test.go b/eth/filters/filter_test.go
index b0f88ffeb..a95adfce7 100644
--- a/eth/filters/filter_test.go
+++ b/eth/filters/filter_test.go
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func BenchmarkMipmaps(b *testing.B) {
 		if err := core.WriteHeadBlockHash(db, block.Hash()); err != nil {
 			b.Fatalf("failed to insert block number: %v", err)
 		}
-		if err := core.WriteBlockReceipts(db, block.Hash(), receipts[i]); err != nil {
+		if err := core.WriteBlockReceipts(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receipts[i]); err != nil {
 			b.Fatal("error writing block receipts:", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func TestFilters(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := core.WriteHeadBlockHash(db, block.Hash()); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to insert block number: %v", err)
 		}
-		if err := core.WriteBlockReceipts(db, block.Hash(), receipts[i]); err != nil {
+		if err := core.WriteBlockReceipts(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receipts[i]); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal("error writing block receipts:", err)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/eth/gasprice.go b/eth/gasprice.go
index e0de89e62..ef203f8fe 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice.go
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func (self *GasPriceOracle) processBlock(block *types.Block) {
 func (self *GasPriceOracle) lowestPrice(block *types.Block) *big.Int {
 	gasUsed := big.NewInt(0)
 
-	receipts := core.GetBlockReceipts(self.eth.ChainDb(), block.Hash())
+	receipts := core.GetBlockReceipts(self.eth.ChainDb(), block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
 	if len(receipts) > 0 {
 		if cgu := receipts[len(receipts)-1].CumulativeGasUsed; cgu != nil {
 			gasUsed = receipts[len(receipts)-1].CumulativeGasUsed
diff --git a/eth/handler.go b/eth/handler.go
index 1e4dc1289..47a36cc0b 100644
--- a/eth/handler.go
+++ b/eth/handler.go
@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ func NewProtocolManager(config *core.ChainConfig, fastSync bool, networkId int,
 		return nil, errIncompatibleConfig
 	}
 	// Construct the different synchronisation mechanisms
-	manager.downloader = downloader.New(chaindb, manager.eventMux, blockchain.HasHeader, blockchain.HasBlockAndState, blockchain.GetHeader,
-		blockchain.GetBlock, blockchain.CurrentHeader, blockchain.CurrentBlock, blockchain.CurrentFastBlock, blockchain.FastSyncCommitHead,
-		blockchain.GetTd, blockchain.InsertHeaderChain, manager.insertChain, blockchain.InsertReceiptChain, blockchain.Rollback,
+	manager.downloader = downloader.New(chaindb, manager.eventMux, blockchain.HasHeader, blockchain.HasBlockAndState, blockchain.GetHeaderByHash,
+		blockchain.GetBlockByHash, blockchain.CurrentHeader, blockchain.CurrentBlock, blockchain.CurrentFastBlock, blockchain.FastSyncCommitHead,
+		blockchain.GetTdByHash, blockchain.InsertHeaderChain, manager.insertChain, blockchain.InsertReceiptChain, blockchain.Rollback,
 		manager.removePeer)
 
 	validator := func(block *types.Block, parent *types.Block) error {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func NewProtocolManager(config *core.ChainConfig, fastSync bool, networkId int,
 		atomic.StoreUint32(&manager.synced, 1) // Mark initial sync done on any fetcher import
 		return manager.insertChain(blocks)
 	}
-	manager.fetcher = fetcher.New(blockchain.GetBlock, validator, manager.BroadcastBlock, heighter, inserter, manager.removePeer)
+	manager.fetcher = fetcher.New(blockchain.GetBlockByHash, validator, manager.BroadcastBlock, heighter, inserter, manager.removePeer)
 
 	if blockchain.Genesis().Hash().Hex() == defaultGenesisHash && networkId == 1 {
 		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Bad Block Reporting is enabled")
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) handleMsg(p *peer) error {
 				return errResp(ErrDecode, "msg %v: %v", msg, err)
 			}
 			// Retrieve the requested block, stopping if enough was found
-			if block := pm.blockchain.GetBlock(hash); block != nil {
+			if block := pm.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(hash); block != nil {
 				blocks = append(blocks, block)
 				bytes += block.Size()
 			}
@@ -425,13 +425,14 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) handleMsg(p *peer) error {
 			// Retrieve the next header satisfying the query
 			var origin *types.Header
 			if hashMode {
-				origin = pm.blockchain.GetHeader(query.Origin.Hash)
+				origin = pm.blockchain.GetHeaderByHash(query.Origin.Hash)
 			} else {
 				origin = pm.blockchain.GetHeaderByNumber(query.Origin.Number)
 			}
 			if origin == nil {
 				break
 			}
+			number := origin.Number.Uint64()
 			headers = append(headers, origin)
 			bytes += estHeaderRlpSize
 
@@ -440,8 +441,9 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) handleMsg(p *peer) error {
 			case query.Origin.Hash != (common.Hash{}) && query.Reverse:
 				// Hash based traversal towards the genesis block
 				for i := 0; i < int(query.Skip)+1; i++ {
-					if header := pm.blockchain.GetHeader(query.Origin.Hash); header != nil {
+					if header := pm.blockchain.GetHeader(query.Origin.Hash, number); header != nil {
 						query.Origin.Hash = header.ParentHash
+						number--
 					} else {
 						unknown = true
 						break
@@ -602,9 +604,9 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) handleMsg(p *peer) error {
 				return errResp(ErrDecode, "msg %v: %v", msg, err)
 			}
 			// Retrieve the requested block's receipts, skipping if unknown to us
-			results := core.GetBlockReceipts(pm.chaindb, hash)
+			results := core.GetBlockReceipts(pm.chaindb, hash, core.GetBlockNumber(pm.chaindb, hash))
 			if results == nil {
-				if header := pm.blockchain.GetHeader(hash); header == nil || header.ReceiptHash != types.EmptyRootHash {
+				if header := pm.blockchain.GetHeaderByHash(hash); header == nil || header.ReceiptHash != types.EmptyRootHash {
 					continue
 				}
 			}
@@ -697,7 +699,8 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) handleMsg(p *peer) error {
 		// Update the peers total difficulty if needed, schedule a download if gapped
 		if request.TD.Cmp(p.Td()) > 0 {
 			p.SetTd(request.TD)
-			td := pm.blockchain.GetTd(pm.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Hash())
+			currentBlock := pm.blockchain.CurrentBlock()
+			td := pm.blockchain.GetTd(currentBlock.Hash(), currentBlock.NumberU64())
 			if request.TD.Cmp(new(big.Int).Add(td, request.Block.Difficulty())) > 0 {
 				go pm.synchronise(p)
 			}
@@ -738,8 +741,8 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) BroadcastBlock(block *types.Block, propagate bool) {
 	if propagate {
 		// Calculate the TD of the block (it's not imported yet, so block.Td is not valid)
 		var td *big.Int
-		if parent := pm.blockchain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash()); parent != nil {
-			td = new(big.Int).Add(block.Difficulty(), pm.blockchain.GetTd(block.ParentHash()))
+		if parent := pm.blockchain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1); parent != nil {
+			td = new(big.Int).Add(block.Difficulty(), pm.blockchain.GetTd(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1))
 		} else {
 			glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("propagating dangling block #%d [%x]", block.NumberU64(), hash[:4])
 			return
@@ -807,10 +810,11 @@ type EthNodeInfo struct {
 
 // NodeInfo retrieves some protocol metadata about the running host node.
 func (self *ProtocolManager) NodeInfo() *EthNodeInfo {
+	currentBlock := self.blockchain.CurrentBlock()
 	return &EthNodeInfo{
 		Network:    self.networkId,
-		Difficulty: self.blockchain.GetTd(self.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Hash()),
+		Difficulty: self.blockchain.GetTd(currentBlock.Hash(), currentBlock.NumberU64()),
 		Genesis:    self.blockchain.Genesis().Hash(),
-		Head:       self.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Hash(),
+		Head:       currentBlock.Hash(),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/eth/handler_test.go b/eth/handler_test.go
index 9e593f040..8418c28b2 100644
--- a/eth/handler_test.go
+++ b/eth/handler_test.go
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func testGetBlockHashes(t *testing.T, protocol int) {
 		// Assemble the hash response we would like to receive
 		resp := make([]common.Hash, tt.result)
 		if len(resp) > 0 {
-			from := pm.blockchain.GetBlock(tt.origin).NumberU64() - 1
+			from := pm.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(tt.origin).NumberU64() - 1
 			for j := 0; j < len(resp); j++ {
 				resp[j] = pm.blockchain.GetBlockByNumber(uint64(int(from) - j)).Hash()
 			}
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ func testGetBlocks(t *testing.T, protocol int) {
 		for j, hash := range tt.explicit {
 			hashes = append(hashes, hash)
 			if tt.available[j] && len(blocks) < tt.expected {
-				blocks = append(blocks, pm.blockchain.GetBlock(hash))
+				blocks = append(blocks, pm.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(hash))
 			}
 		}
 		// Send the hash request and verify the response
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ func testGetBlockHeaders(t *testing.T, protocol int) {
 		// Collect the headers to expect in the response
 		headers := []*types.Header{}
 		for _, hash := range tt.expect {
-			headers = append(headers, pm.blockchain.GetBlock(hash).Header())
+			headers = append(headers, pm.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(hash).Header())
 		}
 		// Send the hash request and verify the response
 		p2p.Send(peer.app, 0x03, tt.query)
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ func testGetBlockBodies(t *testing.T, protocol int) {
 		for j, hash := range tt.explicit {
 			hashes = append(hashes, hash)
 			if tt.available[j] && len(bodies) < tt.expected {
-				block := pm.blockchain.GetBlock(hash)
+				block := pm.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(hash)
 				bodies = append(bodies, &blockBody{Transactions: block.Transactions(), Uncles: block.Uncles()})
 			}
 		}
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ func testGetReceipt(t *testing.T, protocol int) {
 		block := pm.blockchain.GetBlockByNumber(i)
 
 		hashes = append(hashes, block.Hash())
-		receipts = append(receipts, core.GetBlockReceipts(pm.chaindb, block.Hash()))
+		receipts = append(receipts, core.GetBlockReceipts(pm.chaindb, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()))
 	}
 	// Send the hash request and verify the response
 	p2p.Send(peer.app, 0x0f, hashes)
diff --git a/eth/sync.go b/eth/sync.go
index 52f7e90e7..23cf18c8d 100644
--- a/eth/sync.go
+++ b/eth/sync.go
@@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) synchronise(peer *peer) {
 		return
 	}
 	// Make sure the peer's TD is higher than our own. If not drop.
-	td := pm.blockchain.GetTd(pm.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Hash())
+	currentBlock := pm.blockchain.CurrentBlock()
+	td := pm.blockchain.GetTd(currentBlock.Hash(), currentBlock.NumberU64())
 	if peer.Td().Cmp(td) <= 0 {
 		return
 	}