path: root/eth/downloader/peer.go

// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// Contains the active peer-set of the downloader, maintaining both failures
// as well as reputation metrics to prioritize the block retrievals.

package downloader

import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
    "math"
    "sync"
    "sync/atomic"
    "time"

    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
)

// Maximum number of entries allowed on the list or lacking items.
const maxLackingHashes = 4096

// Hash and block fetchers belonging to eth/61 and below
type relativeHashFetcherFn func(common.Hash) error
type absoluteHashFetcherFn func(uint64, int) error
type blockFetcherFn func([]common.Hash) error

// Block header and body fetchers belonging to eth/62 and above
type relativeHeaderFetcherFn func(common.Hash, int, int, bool) error
type absoluteHeaderFetcherFn func(uint64, int, int, bool) error
type blockBodyFetcherFn func([]common.Hash) error
type receiptFetcherFn func([]common.Hash) error
type stateFetcherFn func([]common.Hash) error

var (
    errAlreadyFetching   = errors.New("already fetching blocks from peer")
    errAlreadyRegistered = errors.New("peer is already registered")
    errNotRegistered     = errors.New("peer is not registered")
)

// peer represents an active peer from which hashes and blocks are retrieved.
type peer struct {
    id   string      // Unique identifier of the peer
    head common.Hash // Hash of the peers latest known block

    blockIdle   int32 // Current block activity state of the peer (idle = 0, active = 1)
    receiptIdle int32 // Current receipt activity state of the peer (idle = 0, active = 1)
    stateIdle   int32 // Current node data activity state of the peer (idle = 0, active = 1)
    rep         int32 // Simple peer reputation

    blockCapacity   int32 // Number of blocks (bodies) allowed to fetch per request
    receiptCapacity int32 // Number of receipts allowed to fetch per request
    stateCapacity   int32 // Number of node data pieces allowed to fetch per request

    blockStarted   time.Time // Time instance when the last block (body)fetch was started
    receiptStarted time.Time // Time instance when the last receipt fetch was started
    stateStarted   time.Time // Time instance when the last node data fetch was started

    lacking     map[common.Hash]struct{} // Set of hashes not to request (didn't have previously)
    lackingLock sync.RWMutex             // Lock protecting the lacking hashes list

    getRelHashes relativeHashFetcherFn // [eth/61] Method to retrieve a batch of hashes from an origin hash
    getAbsHashes absoluteHashFetcherFn // [eth/61] Method to retrieve a batch of hashes from an absolute position
    getBlocks    blockFetcherFn        // [eth/61] Method to retrieve a batch of blocks

    getRelHeaders  relativeHeaderFetcherFn // [eth/62] Method to retrieve a batch of headers from an origin hash
    getAbsHeaders  absoluteHeaderFetcherFn // [eth/62] Method to retrieve a batch of headers from an absolute position
    getBlockBodies blockBodyFetcherFn      // [eth/62] Method to retrieve a batch of block bodies

    getReceipts receiptFetcherFn // [eth/63] Method to retrieve a batch of block transaction receipts
    getNodeData stateFetcherFn   // [eth/63] Method to retrieve a batch of state trie data

    version int // Eth protocol version number to switch strategies
}

// newPeer create a new downloader peer, with specific hash and block retrieval
// mechanisms.
func newPeer(id string, version int, head common.Hash,
    getRelHashes relativeHashFetcherFn, getAbsHashes absoluteHashFetcherFn, getBlocks blockFetcherFn, // eth/61 callbacks, remove when upgrading
    getRelHeaders relativeHeaderFetcherFn, getAbsHeaders absoluteHeaderFetcherFn, getBlockBodies blockBodyFetcherFn,
    getReceipts receiptFetcherFn, getNodeData stateFetcherFn) *peer {
    return &peer{
        id:              id,
        head:            head,
        blockCapacity:   1,
        receiptCapacity: 1,
        stateCapacity:   1,
        lacking:         make(map[common.Hash]struct{}),

        getRelHashes: getRelHashes,
        getAbsHashes: getAbsHashes,
        getBlocks:    getBlocks,

        getRelHeaders:  getRelHeaders,
        getAbsHeaders:  getAbsHeaders,
        getBlockBodies: getBlockBodies,

        getReceipts: getReceipts,
        getNodeData: getNodeData,

        version: version,
    }
}

// Reset clears the internal state of a peer entity.
func (p *peer) Reset() {
    atomic.StoreInt32(&p.blockIdle, 0)
    atomic.StoreInt32(&p.receiptIdle, 0)
    atomic.StoreInt32(&p.blockCapacity, 1)
    atomic.StoreInt32(&p.receiptCapacity, 1)
    atomic.StoreInt32(&p.stateCapacity, 1)

    p.lackingLock.Lock()
    p.lacking = make(map[common.Hash]struct{})
    p.lackingLock.Unlock()
}

// Fetch61 sends a block retrieval request to the remote peer.
func (p *peer) Fetch61(request *fetchRequest) error {
    // Sanity check the protocol version
    if p.version != 61 {
        panic(fmt.Sprintf("block fetch [eth/61] requested on eth/%d", p.version))
    }
    // Short circuit if the peer is already fetching
    if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&p.blockIdle, 0, 1) {
        return errAlreadyFetching
    }
    p.blockStarted = time.Now()

    // Convert the hash set to a retrievable slice
    hashes := make([]common.Hash, 0, len(request.Hashes))
    for hash, _ := range request.Hashes {
        hashes = append(hashes, hash)
    }
    go p.getBlocks(hashes)

    return nil
}

// FetchBodies sends a block body retrieval request to the remote peer.
func (p *peer) FetchBodies(request *fetchRequest) error {
    // Sanity check the protocol version
    if p.version < 62 {
        panic(fmt.Sprintf("body fetch [eth/62+] requested on eth/%d", p.version))
    }
    // Short circuit if the peer is already fetching
    if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&p.blockIdle, 0, 1) {
        return errAlreadyFetching
    }
    p.blockStarted = time.Now()

    // Convert the header set to a retrievable slice
    hashes := make([]common.Hash, 0, len(request.Headers))
    for _, header := range request.Headers {
        hashes = append(hashes, header.Hash())
    }
    go p.getBlockBodies(hashes)

    return nil
}

// FetchReceipts sends a receipt retrieval request to the remote peer.
func (p *peer) FetchReceipts(request *fetchRequest) error {
    // Sanity check the protocol version
    if p.version < 63 {
        panic(fmt.Sprintf("body fetch [eth/63+] requested on eth/%d", p.version))
    }
    // Short circuit if the peer is already fetching
    if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&p.receiptIdle, 0, 1) {
        return errAlreadyFetching
    }
    p.receiptStarted = time.Now()

    // Convert the header set to a retrievable slice
    hashes := make([]common.Hash, 0, len(request.Headers))
    for _, header := range request.Headers {
        hashes = append(hashes, header.Hash())
    }
    go p.getReceipts(hashes)

    return nil
}

// FetchNodeData sends a node state data retrieval request to the remote peer.
func (p *peer) FetchNodeData(request *fetchRequest) error {
    // Sanity check the protocol version
    if p.version < 63 {
        panic(fmt.Sprintf("node data fetch [eth/63+] requested on eth/%d", p.version))
    }
    // Short circuit if the peer is already fetching
    if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&p.stateIdle, 0, 1) {
        return errAlreadyFetching
    }
    p.stateStarted = time.Now()

    // Convert the hash set to a retrievable slice
    hashes := make([]common.Hash, 0, len(request.Hashes))
    for hash, _ := range request.Hashes {
        hashes = append(hashes, hash)
    }
    go p.getNodeData(hashes)

    return nil
}

// SetBlocksIdle sets the peer to idle, allowing it to execute new retrieval requests.
// Its block retrieval allowance will also be updated either up- or downwards,
// depending on whether the previous fetch completed in time.
func (p *peer) SetBlocksIdle() {
    p.setIdle(p.blockStarted, blockSoftTTL, blockHardTTL, MaxBlockFetch, &p.blockCapacity, &p.blockIdle)
}

// SetBodiesIdle sets the peer to idle, allowing it to execute new retrieval requests.
// Its block body retrieval allowance will also be updated either up- or downwards,
// depending on whether the previous fetch completed in time.
func (p *peer) SetBodiesIdle() {
    p.setIdle(p.blockStarted, bodySoftTTL, bodyHardTTL, MaxBodyFetch, &p.blockCapacity, &p.blockIdle)
}

// SetReceiptsIdle sets the peer to idle, allowing it to execute new retrieval requests.
// Its receipt retrieval allowance will also be updated either up- or downwards,
// depending on whether the previous fetch completed in time.
func (p *peer) SetReceiptsIdle() {
    p.setIdle(p.receiptStarted, receiptSoftTTL, receiptHardTTL, MaxReceiptFetch, &p.receiptCapacity, &p.receiptIdle)
}

// SetNodeDataIdle sets the peer to idle, allowing it to execute new retrieval
// requests. Its node data retrieval allowance will also be updated either up- or
// downwards, depending on whether the previous fetch completed in time.
func (p *peer) SetNodeDataIdle() {
    p.setIdle(p.stateStarted, stateSoftTTL, stateSoftTTL, MaxStateFetch, &p.stateCapacity, &p.stateIdle)
}

// setIdle sets the peer to idle, allowing it to execute new retrieval requests.
// Its data retrieval allowance will also be updated either up- or downwards,
// depending on whether the previous fetch completed in time.
func (p *peer) setIdle(started time.Time, softTTL, hardTTL time.Duration, maxFetch int, capacity, idle *int32) {
    // Update the peer's download allowance based on previous performance
    scale := 2.0
    if time.Since(started) > softTTL {
        scale = 0.5
        if time.Since(started) > hardTTL {
            scale = 1 / float64(maxFetch) // reduces capacity to 1
        }
    }
    for {
        // Calculate the new download bandwidth allowance
        prev := atomic.LoadInt32(capacity)
        next := int32(math.Max(1, math.Min(float64(maxFetch), float64(prev)*scale)))

        // Try to update the old value
        if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(capacity, prev, next) {
            // If we're having problems at 1 capacity, try to find better peers
            if next == 1 {
                p.Demote()
            }
            break
        }
    }
    // Set the peer to idle to allow further fetch requests
    atomic.StoreInt32(idle, 0)
}

// BlockCapacity retrieves the peers block download allowance based on its
// previously discovered bandwidth capacity.
func (p *peer) BlockCapacity() int {
    return int(atomic.LoadInt32(&p.blockCapacity))
}

// ReceiptCapacity retrieves the peers block download allowance based on its
// previously discovered bandwidth capacity.
func (p *peer) ReceiptCapacity() int {
    return int(atomic.LoadInt32(&p.receiptCapacity))
}

// NodeDataCapacity retrieves the peers block download allowance based on its
// previously discovered bandwidth capacity.
func (p *peer) NodeDataCapacity() int {
    return int(atomic.LoadInt32(&p.stateCapacity))
}

// Promote increases the peer's reputation.
func (p *peer) Promote() {
    atomic.AddInt32(&p.rep, 1)
}

// Demote decreases the peer's reputation or leaves it at 0.
func (p *peer) Demote() {
    for {
        // Calculate the new reputation value
        prev := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.rep)
        next := prev / 2

        // Try to update the old value
        if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&p.rep, prev, next) {
            return
        }
    }
}

// MarkLacking appends a new entity to the set of items (blocks, receipts, states)
// that a peer is known not to have (i.e. have been requested before). If the
// set reaches its maximum allowed capacity, items are randomly dropped off.
func (p *peer) MarkLacking(hash common.Hash) {
    p.lackingLock.Lock()
    defer p.lackingLock.Unlock()

    for len(p.lacking) >= maxLackingHashes {
        for drop, _ := range p.lacking {
            delete(p.lacking, drop)
            break
        }
    }
    p.lacking[hash] = struct{}{}
}

// Lacks retrieves whether the hash of a blockchain item is on the peers lacking
// list (i.e. whether we know that the peer does not have it).
func (p *peer) Lacks(hash common.Hash) bool {
    p.lackingLock.RLock()
    defer p.lackingLock.RUnlock()

    _, ok := p.lacking[hash]
    return ok
}

// String implements fmt.Stringer.
func (p *peer) String() string {
    p.lackingLock.RLock()
    defer p.lackingLock.RUnlock()

    return fmt.Sprintf("Peer %s [%s]", p.id,
        fmt.Sprintf("reputation %3d, ", atomic.LoadInt32(&p.rep))+
            fmt.Sprintf("block cap %3d, ", atomic.LoadInt32(&p.blockCapacity))+
            fmt.Sprintf("receipt cap %3d, ", atomic.LoadInt32(&p.receiptCapacity))+
            fmt.Sprintf("lacking %4d", len(p.lacking)),
    )
}

// peerSet represents the collection of active peer participating in the block
// download procedure.
type peerSet struct {
    peers map[string]*peer
    lock  sync.RWMutex
}

// newPeerSet creates a new peer set top track the active download sources.
func newPeerSet() *peerSet {
    return &peerSet{
        peers: make(map[string]*peer),
    }
}

// Reset iterates over the current peer set, and resets each of the known peers
// to prepare for a next batch of block retrieval.
func (ps *peerSet) Reset() {
    ps.lock.RLock()
    defer ps.lock.RUnlock()

    for _, peer := range ps.peers {
        peer.Reset()
    }
}

// Register injects a new peer into the working set, or returns an error if the
// peer is already known.
func (ps *peerSet) Register(p *peer) error {
    ps.lock.Lock()
    defer ps.lock.Unlock()

    if _, ok := ps.peers[p.id]; ok {
        return errAlreadyRegistered
    }
    ps.peers[p.id] = p
    return nil
}

// Unregister removes a remote peer from the active set, disabling any further
// actions to/from that particular entity.
func (ps *peerSet) Unregister(id string) error {
    ps.lock.Lock()
    defer ps.lock.Unlock()

    if _, ok := ps.peers[id]; !ok {
        return errNotRegistered
    }
    delete(ps.peers, id)
    return nil
}

// Peer retrieves the registered peer with the given id.
func (ps *peerSet) Peer(id string) *peer {
    ps.lock.RLock()
    defer ps.lock.RUnlock()

    return ps.peers[id]
}

// Len returns if the current number of peers in the set.
func (ps *peerSet) Len() int {
    ps.lock.RLock()
    defer ps.lock.RUnlock()

    return len(ps.peers)
}

// AllPeers retrieves a flat list of all the peers within the set.
func (ps *peerSet) AllPeers() []*peer {
    ps.lock.RLock()
    defer ps.lock.RUnlock()

    list := make([]*peer, 0, len(ps.peers))
    for _, p := range ps.peers {
        list = append(list, p)
    }
    return list
}

// BlockIdlePeers retrieves a flat list of all the currently idle peers within the
// active peer set, ordered by their reputation.
func (ps *peerSet) BlockIdlePeers() ([]*peer, int) {
    idle := func(p *peer) bool {
        return atomic.LoadInt32(&p.blockIdle) == 0
    }
    return ps.idlePeers(61, 61, idle)
}

// BodyIdlePeers retrieves a flat list of all the currently body-idle peers within
// the active peer set, ordered by their reputation.
func (ps *peerSet) BodyIdlePeers() ([]*peer, int) {
    idle := func(p *peer) bool {
        return atomic.LoadInt32(&p.blockIdle) == 0
    }
    return ps.idlePeers(62, 64, idle)
}

// ReceiptIdlePeers retrieves a flat list of all the currently receipt-idle peers
// within the active peer set, ordered by their reputation.
func (ps *peerSet) ReceiptIdlePeers() ([]*peer, int) {
    idle := func(p *peer) bool {
        return atomic.LoadInt32(&p.receiptIdle) == 0
    }
    return ps.idlePeers(63, 64, idle)
}

// NodeDataIdlePeers retrieves a flat list of all the currently node-data-idle
// peers within the active peer set, ordered by their reputation.
func (ps *peerSet) NodeDataIdlePeers() ([]*peer, int) {
    idle := func(p *peer) bool {
        return atomic.LoadInt32(&p.stateIdle) == 0
    }
    return ps.idlePeers(63, 64, idle)
}

// idlePeers retrieves a flat list of all currently idle peers satisfying the
// protocol version constraints, using the provided function to check idleness.
func (ps *peerSet) idlePeers(minProtocol, maxProtocol int, idleCheck func(*peer) bool) ([]*peer, int) {
    ps.lock.RLock()
    defer ps.lock.RUnlock()

    idle, total := make([]*peer, 0, len(ps.peers)), 0
    for _, p := range ps.peers {
        if p.version >= minProtocol && p.version <= maxProtocol {
            if idleCheck(p) {
                idle = append(idle, p)
            }
            total++
        }
    }
    for i := 0; i < len(idle); i++ {
        for j := i + 1; j < len(idle); j++ {
            if atomic.LoadInt32(&idle[i].rep) < atomic.LoadInt32(&idle[j].rep) {
                idle[i], idle[j] = idle[j], idle[i]
            }
        }
    }
    return idle, total
}