Merge pull request #216 from ethereum/develop

Update tests branch from develop

16 files changed, 439 insertions, 482 deletions

diff --git a/core/block_manager.go b/core/block_manager.go
index c2ffc7ae0..2567e39c4 100644
--- a/core/block_manager.go
+++ b/core/block_manager.go
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow/ezp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wire"
 )
@@ -55,17 +57,9 @@ type BlockManager struct {
 	// non-persistent key/value memory storage
 	mem map[string]*big.Int
 	// Proof of work used for validating
-	Pow PoW
-	// The ethereum manager interface
-	eth EthManager
-	// The managed states
-	// Transiently state. The trans state isn't ever saved, validated and
-	// it could be used for setting account nonces without effecting
-	// the main states.
-	transState *state.StateDB
-	// Mining state. The mining state is used purely and solely by the mining
-	// operation.
-	miningState *state.StateDB
+	Pow pow.PoW
+
+	txpool *TxPool
 
 	// The last attempted block is mainly used for debugging purposes
 	// This does not have to be a valid block and will be set during
@@ -73,57 +67,28 @@ type BlockManager struct {
 	lastAttemptedBlock *types.Block
 
 	events event.Subscription
+
+	eventMux *event.TypeMux
 }
 
-func NewBlockManager(ethereum EthManager) *BlockManager {
+func NewBlockManager(txpool *TxPool, chainManager *ChainManager, eventMux *event.TypeMux) *BlockManager {
 	sm := &BlockManager{
-		mem: make(map[string]*big.Int),
-		Pow: &EasyPow{},
-		eth: ethereum,
-		bc:  ethereum.ChainManager(),
+		mem:      make(map[string]*big.Int),
+		Pow:      ezp.New(),
+		bc:       chainManager,
+		eventMux: eventMux,
+		txpool:   txpool,
 	}
-	sm.transState = ethereum.ChainManager().CurrentBlock.State().Copy()
-	sm.miningState = ethereum.ChainManager().CurrentBlock.State().Copy()
 
 	return sm
 }
 
-func (self *BlockManager) Start() {
-	statelogger.Debugln("Starting block manager")
-}
-
-func (self *BlockManager) Stop() {
-	statelogger.Debugln("Stopping state manager")
-}
-
-func (sm *BlockManager) CurrentState() *state.StateDB {
-	return sm.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock.State()
-}
-
-func (sm *BlockManager) TransState() *state.StateDB {
-	return sm.transState
-}
-
-func (sm *BlockManager) MiningState() *state.StateDB {
-	return sm.miningState
-}
-
-func (sm *BlockManager) NewMiningState() *state.StateDB {
-	sm.miningState = sm.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock.State().Copy()
-
-	return sm.miningState
-}
-
-func (sm *BlockManager) ChainManager() *ChainManager {
-	return sm.bc
-}
-
 func (sm *BlockManager) TransitionState(statedb *state.StateDB, parent, block *types.Block) (receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
 	coinbase := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(block.Coinbase)
 	coinbase.SetGasPool(block.CalcGasLimit(parent))
 
 	// Process the transactions on to current block
-	receipts, _, _, _, err = sm.ProcessTransactions(coinbase, statedb, block, parent, block.Transactions())
+	receipts, _, _, _, err = sm.ApplyTransactions(coinbase, statedb, block, block.Transactions(), false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -131,7 +96,7 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) TransitionState(statedb *state.StateDB, parent, block *t
 	return receipts, nil
 }
 
-func (self *BlockManager) ProcessTransactions(coinbase *state.StateObject, state *state.StateDB, block, parent *types.Block, txs types.Transactions) (types.Receipts, types.Transactions, types.Transactions, types.Transactions, error) {
+func (self *BlockManager) ApplyTransactions(coinbase *state.StateObject, state *state.StateDB, block *types.Block, txs types.Transactions, transientProcess bool) (types.Receipts, types.Transactions, types.Transactions, types.Transactions, error) {
 	var (
 		receipts           types.Receipts
 		handled, unhandled types.Transactions
@@ -146,11 +111,11 @@ done:
 		// If we are mining this block and validating we want to set the logs back to 0
 		state.EmptyLogs()
 
-		txGas := new(big.Int).Set(tx.Gas)
+		txGas := new(big.Int).Set(tx.Gas())
 
 		cb := state.GetStateObject(coinbase.Address())
 		st := NewStateTransition(cb, tx, state, block)
-		err = st.TransitionState()
+		_, err = st.TransitionState()
 		if err != nil {
 			switch {
 			case IsNonceErr(err):
@@ -164,12 +129,11 @@ done:
 				statelogger.Infoln(err)
 				erroneous = append(erroneous, tx)
 				err = nil
-				continue
 			}
 		}
 
 		txGas.Sub(txGas, st.gas)
-		cumulativeSum.Add(cumulativeSum, new(big.Int).Mul(txGas, tx.GasPrice))
+		cumulativeSum.Add(cumulativeSum, new(big.Int).Mul(txGas, tx.GasPrice()))
 
 		// Update the state with pending changes
 		state.Update(txGas)
@@ -178,9 +142,12 @@ done:
 		receipt := types.NewReceipt(state.Root(), cumulative)
 		receipt.SetLogs(state.Logs())
 		receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
+		chainlogger.Debugln(receipt)
 
 		// Notify all subscribers
-		go self.eth.EventMux().Post(TxPostEvent{tx})
+		if !transientProcess {
+			go self.eventMux.Post(TxPostEvent{tx})
+		}
 
 		receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
 		handled = append(handled, tx)
@@ -229,38 +196,35 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.I
 		return
 	}
 
-	_, err = sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block)
+	receipts, err := sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
+	rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
+	if bytes.Compare(rbloom, block.LogsBloom) != 0 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unable to replicate block's bloom=%x", rbloom)
+		return
+	}
+
 	txSha := types.DeriveSha(block.Transactions())
 	if bytes.Compare(txSha, block.TxSha) != 0 {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("validating transaction root. received=%x got=%x", block.TxSha, txSha)
 		return
 	}
 
-	/*
-		receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
-		if bytes.Compare(receiptSha, block.ReceiptSha) != 0 {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("validating receipt root. received=%x got=%x", block.ReceiptSha, receiptSha)
-			return
-		}
-	*/
+	receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
+	if bytes.Compare(receiptSha, block.ReceiptSha) != 0 {
+		//chainlogger.Debugf("validating receipt root. received=%x got=%x", block.ReceiptSha, receiptSha)
+		fmt.Printf("%x\n", ethutil.Encode(receipts))
+		err = fmt.Errorf("validating receipt root. received=%x got=%x", block.ReceiptSha, receiptSha)
+		return
+	}
 
 	if err = sm.AccumelateRewards(state, block, parent); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	/*
-		//block.receipts = receipts // although this isn't necessary it be in the future
-		rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
-		if bytes.Compare(rbloom, block.LogsBloom) != 0 {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("unable to replicate block's bloom=%x", rbloom)
-			return
-		}
-	*/
-
 	state.Update(ethutil.Big0)
 
 	if !block.State().Cmp(state) {
@@ -278,9 +242,7 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.I
 
 		chainlogger.Infof("Processed block #%d (%x...)\n", block.Number, block.Hash()[0:4])
 
-		sm.transState = state.Copy()
-
-		sm.eth.TxPool().RemoveSet(block.Transactions())
+		sm.txpool.RemoveSet(block.Transactions())
 
 		return td, messages, nil
 	} else {
@@ -296,12 +258,12 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) CalculateTD(block *types.Block) (*big.Int, bool) {
 
 	// TD(genesis_block) = 0 and TD(B) = TD(B.parent) + sum(u.difficulty for u in B.uncles) + B.difficulty
 	td := new(big.Int)
-	td = td.Add(sm.bc.TD, uncleDiff)
+	td = td.Add(sm.bc.Td(), uncleDiff)
 	td = td.Add(td, block.Difficulty)
 
 	// The new TD will only be accepted if the new difficulty is
 	// is greater than the previous.
-	if td.Cmp(sm.bc.TD) > 0 {
+	if td.Cmp(sm.bc.Td()) > 0 {
 		return td, true
 	}
 
@@ -319,7 +281,7 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ValidateBlock(block, parent *types.Block) error {
 
 	diff := block.Time - parent.Time
 	if diff < 0 {
-		return ValidationError("Block timestamp less then prev block %v (%v - %v)", diff, block.Time, sm.bc.CurrentBlock.Time)
+		return ValidationError("Block timestamp less then prev block %v (%v - %v)", diff, block.Time, sm.bc.CurrentBlock().Time)
 	}
 
 	/* XXX
@@ -330,7 +292,7 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ValidateBlock(block, parent *types.Block) error {
 	*/
 
 	// Verify the nonce of the block. Return an error if it's not valid
-	if !sm.Pow.Verify(block.HashNoNonce(), block.Difficulty, block.Nonce) {
+	if !sm.Pow.Verify(block /*block.HashNoNonce(), block.Difficulty, block.Nonce*/) {
 		return ValidationError("Block's nonce is invalid (= %v)", ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Nonce))
 	}
 
@@ -378,7 +340,7 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) AccumelateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, block, parent
 	account.AddAmount(reward)
 
 	statedb.Manifest().AddMessage(&state.Message{
-		To: block.Coinbase, From: block.Coinbase,
+		To:     block.Coinbase,
 		Input:  nil,
 		Origin: nil,
 		Block:  block.Hash(), Timestamp: block.Time, Coinbase: block.Coinbase, Number: block.Number,
diff --git a/core/chain_manager.go b/core/chain_manager.go
index 7acd171ec..794ae0011 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager.go
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package core
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 )
 
 var chainlogger = logger.NewLogger("CHAIN")
@@ -49,12 +51,41 @@ type ChainManager struct {
 	eventMux     *event.TypeMux
 	genesisBlock *types.Block
 	// Last known total difficulty
-	TD *big.Int
+	mu              sync.RWMutex
+	td              *big.Int
+	lastBlockNumber uint64
+	currentBlock    *types.Block
+	lastBlockHash   []byte
 
-	LastBlockNumber uint64
+	transState *state.StateDB
+}
+
+func (self *ChainManager) Td() *big.Int {
+	self.mu.RLock()
+	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return self.td
+}
+
+func (self *ChainManager) LastBlockNumber() uint64 {
+	self.mu.RLock()
+	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	CurrentBlock  *types.Block
-	LastBlockHash []byte
+	return self.lastBlockNumber
+}
+
+func (self *ChainManager) LastBlockHash() []byte {
+	self.mu.RLock()
+	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return self.lastBlockHash
+}
+
+func (self *ChainManager) CurrentBlock() *types.Block {
+	self.mu.RLock()
+	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return self.currentBlock
 }
 
 func NewChainManager(mux *event.TypeMux) *ChainManager {
@@ -64,6 +95,8 @@ func NewChainManager(mux *event.TypeMux) *ChainManager {
 
 	bc.setLastBlock()
 
+	bc.transState = bc.State().Copy()
+
 	return bc
 }
 
@@ -71,6 +104,14 @@ func (self *ChainManager) SetProcessor(proc types.BlockProcessor) {
 	self.processor = proc
 }
 
+func (self *ChainManager) State() *state.StateDB {
+	return self.CurrentBlock().State()
+}
+
+func (self *ChainManager) TransState() *state.StateDB {
+	return self.transState
+}
+
 func (bc *ChainManager) setLastBlock() {
 	data, _ := ethutil.Config.Db.Get([]byte("LastBlock"))
 	if len(data) != 0 {
@@ -78,27 +119,30 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) setLastBlock() {
 		AddTestNetFunds(bc.genesisBlock)
 
 		block := types.NewBlockFromBytes(data)
-		bc.CurrentBlock = block
-		bc.LastBlockHash = block.Hash()
-		bc.LastBlockNumber = block.Number.Uint64()
+		bc.currentBlock = block
+		bc.lastBlockHash = block.Hash()
+		bc.lastBlockNumber = block.Number.Uint64()
 
 		// Set the last know difficulty (might be 0x0 as initial value, Genesis)
-		bc.TD = ethutil.BigD(ethutil.Config.Db.LastKnownTD())
+		bc.td = ethutil.BigD(ethutil.Config.Db.LastKnownTD())
 	} else {
 		bc.Reset()
 	}
 
-	chainlogger.Infof("Last block (#%d) %x\n", bc.LastBlockNumber, bc.CurrentBlock.Hash())
+	chainlogger.Infof("Last block (#%d) %x\n", bc.lastBlockNumber, bc.currentBlock.Hash())
 }
 
 // Block creation & chain handling
 func (bc *ChainManager) NewBlock(coinbase []byte) *types.Block {
+	bc.mu.RLock()
+	defer bc.mu.RUnlock()
+
 	var root interface{}
 	hash := ZeroHash256
 
 	if bc.CurrentBlock != nil {
-		root = bc.CurrentBlock.Root()
-		hash = bc.LastBlockHash
+		root = bc.currentBlock.Root()
+		hash = bc.lastBlockHash
 	}
 
 	block := types.CreateBlock(
@@ -109,11 +153,11 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) NewBlock(coinbase []byte) *types.Block {
 		nil,
 		"")
 
-	parent := bc.CurrentBlock
+	parent := bc.currentBlock
 	if parent != nil {
 		block.Difficulty = CalcDifficulty(block, parent)
-		block.Number = new(big.Int).Add(bc.CurrentBlock.Number, ethutil.Big1)
-		block.GasLimit = block.CalcGasLimit(bc.CurrentBlock)
+		block.Number = new(big.Int).Add(bc.currentBlock.Number, ethutil.Big1)
+		block.GasLimit = block.CalcGasLimit(bc.currentBlock)
 
 	}
 
@@ -121,31 +165,49 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) NewBlock(coinbase []byte) *types.Block {
 }
 
 func (bc *ChainManager) Reset() {
+	bc.mu.Lock()
+	defer bc.mu.Unlock()
+
 	AddTestNetFunds(bc.genesisBlock)
 
 	bc.genesisBlock.Trie().Sync()
 	// Prepare the genesis block
-	bc.add(bc.genesisBlock)
-	bc.CurrentBlock = bc.genesisBlock
+	bc.write(bc.genesisBlock)
+	bc.insert(bc.genesisBlock)
+	bc.currentBlock = bc.genesisBlock
 
-	bc.SetTotalDifficulty(ethutil.Big("0"))
+	bc.setTotalDifficulty(ethutil.Big("0"))
 
 	// Set the last know difficulty (might be 0x0 as initial value, Genesis)
-	bc.TD = ethutil.BigD(ethutil.Config.Db.LastKnownTD())
+	bc.td = ethutil.BigD(ethutil.Config.Db.LastKnownTD())
 }
 
-// Add a block to the chain and record addition information
-func (bc *ChainManager) add(block *types.Block) {
-	bc.writeBlockInfo(block)
+func (self *ChainManager) Export() []byte {
+	self.mu.RLock()
+	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	bc.CurrentBlock = block
-	bc.LastBlockHash = block.Hash()
+	chainlogger.Infof("exporting %v blocks...\n", self.currentBlock.Number)
 
+	blocks := make([]*types.Block, int(self.currentBlock.Number.Int64())+1)
+	for block := self.currentBlock; block != nil; block = self.GetBlock(block.PrevHash) {
+		blocks[block.Number.Int64()] = block
+	}
+
+	return ethutil.Encode(blocks)
+}
+
+func (bc *ChainManager) insert(block *types.Block) {
 	encodedBlock := block.RlpEncode()
-	ethutil.Config.Db.Put(block.Hash(), encodedBlock)
 	ethutil.Config.Db.Put([]byte("LastBlock"), encodedBlock)
+	bc.currentBlock = block
+	bc.lastBlockHash = block.Hash()
+}
+
+func (bc *ChainManager) write(block *types.Block) {
+	bc.writeBlockInfo(block)
 
-	//chainlogger.Infof("Imported block #%d (%x...)\n", block.Number, block.Hash()[0:4])
+	encodedBlock := block.RlpEncode()
+	ethutil.Config.Db.Put(block.Hash(), encodedBlock)
 }
 
 // Accessors
@@ -167,7 +229,6 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetChainHashesFromHash(hash []byte, max uint64) (chain
 
 	// XXX Could be optimised by using a different database which only holds hashes (i.e., linked list)
 	for i := uint64(0); i < max; i++ {
-
 		chain = append(chain, block.Hash())
 
 		if block.Number.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) <= 0 {
@@ -190,7 +251,10 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlock(hash []byte) *types.Block {
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockByNumber(num uint64) *types.Block {
-	block := self.CurrentBlock
+	self.mu.RLock()
+	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	block := self.currentBlock
 	for ; block != nil; block = self.GetBlock(block.PrevHash) {
 		if block.Number.Uint64() == num {
 			break
@@ -204,9 +268,9 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockByNumber(num uint64) *types.Block {
 	return block
 }
 
-func (bc *ChainManager) SetTotalDifficulty(td *big.Int) {
+func (bc *ChainManager) setTotalDifficulty(td *big.Int) {
 	ethutil.Config.Db.Put([]byte("LTD"), td.Bytes())
-	bc.TD = td
+	bc.td = td
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) CalcTotalDiff(block *types.Block) (*big.Int, error) {
@@ -239,8 +303,8 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) BlockInfo(block *types.Block) types.BlockInfo {
 
 // Unexported method for writing extra non-essential block info to the db
 func (bc *ChainManager) writeBlockInfo(block *types.Block) {
-	bc.LastBlockNumber++
-	bi := types.BlockInfo{Number: bc.LastBlockNumber, Hash: block.Hash(), Parent: block.PrevHash, TD: bc.TD}
+	bc.lastBlockNumber++
+	bi := types.BlockInfo{Number: bc.lastBlockNumber, Hash: block.Hash(), Parent: block.PrevHash, TD: bc.td}
 
 	// For now we use the block hash with the words "info" appended as key
 	ethutil.Config.Db.Put(append(block.Hash(), []byte("Info")...), bi.RlpEncode())
@@ -266,8 +330,23 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		self.add(block)
-		self.SetTotalDifficulty(td)
+		self.mu.Lock()
+		{
+
+			self.write(block)
+			if td.Cmp(self.td) > 0 {
+				if block.Number.Cmp(new(big.Int).Add(self.currentBlock.Number, ethutil.Big1)) < 0 {
+					chainlogger.Infof("Split detected. New head #%v (%x), was #%v (%x)\n", block.Number, block.Hash()[:4], self.currentBlock.Number, self.currentBlock.Hash()[:4])
+				}
+
+				self.setTotalDifficulty(td)
+				self.insert(block)
+				self.transState = self.currentBlock.State().Copy()
+			}
+
+		}
+		self.mu.Unlock()
+
 		self.eventMux.Post(NewBlockEvent{block})
 		self.eventMux.Post(messages)
 	}
diff --git a/core/chain_manager_test.go b/core/chain_manager_test.go
index ab43c511d..52be8b0ea 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager_test.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager_test.go
@@ -2,115 +2,76 @@ package core
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"math/big"
+	"path"
+	"runtime"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+	//logpkg "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 )
 
-var TD *big.Int
+//var Logger logpkg.LogSystem
+//var Log = logpkg.NewLogger("TEST")
 
 func init() {
-	ethutil.ReadConfig(".ethtest", "/tmp/ethtest", "")
-	ethutil.Config.Db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
-}
-
-type fakeproc struct {
-}
+	runtime.GOMAXPROCS(runtime.NumCPU())
+	//Logger = logpkg.NewStdLogSystem(os.Stdout, log.LstdFlags, logpkg.InfoLevel)
+	//logpkg.AddLogSystem(Logger)
 
-func (self fakeproc) ProcessWithParent(a, b *types.Block) (*big.Int, state.Messages, error) {
-	TD = new(big.Int).Add(TD, big.NewInt(1))
-	return TD, nil, nil
-}
-
-func makechain(cman *ChainManager, max int) *BlockChain {
-	blocks := make(types.Blocks, max)
-	for i := 0; i < max; i++ {
-		addr := ethutil.LeftPadBytes([]byte{byte(i)}, 20)
-		block := cman.NewBlock(addr)
-		if i != 0 {
-			cman.CurrentBlock = blocks[i-1]
-		}
-		blocks[i] = block
-	}
-	return NewChain(blocks)
-}
-
-func TestLongerFork(t *testing.T) {
-	cman := NewChainManager()
-	cman.SetProcessor(fakeproc{})
-
-	TD = big.NewInt(1)
-	chainA := makechain(cman, 5)
-
-	TD = big.NewInt(1)
-	chainB := makechain(cman, 10)
-
-	td, err := cman.TestChain(chainA)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error("unable to create new TD from chainA:", err)
-	}
-	cman.TD = td
+	ethutil.ReadConfig("/tmp/ethtest", "/tmp/ethtest", "ETH")
 
-	_, err = cman.TestChain(chainB)
+	db, err := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error("expected chainB not to give errors:", err)
+		panic("Could not create mem-db, failing")
 	}
+	ethutil.Config.Db = db
 }
 
-func TestEqualFork(t *testing.T) {
-	cman := NewChainManager()
-	cman.SetProcessor(fakeproc{})
-
-	TD = big.NewInt(1)
-	chainA := makechain(cman, 5)
-
-	TD = big.NewInt(2)
-	chainB := makechain(cman, 5)
-
-	td, err := cman.TestChain(chainA)
+func loadChain(fn string, t *testing.T) types.Blocks {
+	c1, err := ethutil.ReadAllFile(path.Join("..", "_data", fn))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error("unable to create new TD from chainA:", err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		t.FailNow()
 	}
-	cman.TD = td
-
-	_, err = cman.TestChain(chainB)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error("expected chainB not to give errors:", err)
+	value := ethutil.NewValueFromBytes([]byte(c1))
+	blocks := make(types.Blocks, value.Len())
+	it := value.NewIterator()
+	for it.Next() {
+		blocks[it.Idx()] = types.NewBlockFromRlpValue(it.Value())
 	}
-}
 
-func TestBrokenChain(t *testing.T) {
-	cman := NewChainManager()
-	cman.SetProcessor(fakeproc{})
-
-	TD = big.NewInt(1)
-	chain := makechain(cman, 5)
-	chain.Remove(chain.Front())
+	return blocks
+}
 
-	_, err := cman.TestChain(chain)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("expected broken chain to return error")
+func insertChain(done chan bool, chainMan *ChainManager, chain types.Blocks, t *testing.T) {
+	err := chainMan.InsertChain(chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		t.FailNow()
 	}
+	done <- true
 }
 
-func BenchmarkChainTesting(b *testing.B) {
-	const chainlen = 1000
+func TestChainInsertions(t *testing.T) {
+	chain1 := loadChain("chain1", t)
+	chain2 := loadChain("chain2", t)
+	var eventMux event.TypeMux
+	chainMan := NewChainManager(&eventMux)
+	txPool := NewTxPool(chainMan, nil, &eventMux)
+	blockMan := NewBlockManager(txPool, chainMan, &eventMux)
+	chainMan.SetProcessor(blockMan)
 
-	ethutil.ReadConfig(".ethtest", "/tmp/ethtest", "")
-	ethutil.Config.Db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	const max = 2
+	done := make(chan bool, max)
 
-	cman := NewChainManager()
-	cman.SetProcessor(fakeproc{})
+	go insertChain(done, chainMan, chain1, t)
+	go insertChain(done, chainMan, chain2, t)
 
-	TD = big.NewInt(1)
-	chain := makechain(cman, chainlen)
-
-	stime := time.Now()
-	cman.TestChain(chain)
-	fmt.Println(chainlen, "took", time.Since(stime))
+	for i := 0; i < max; i++ {
+		<-done
+	}
+	fmt.Println(chainMan.CurrentBlock())
 }
diff --git a/core/dagger.go b/core/dagger.go
index 8a042b34f..3039d8995 100644
--- a/core/dagger.go
+++ b/core/dagger.go
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/obscuren/sha3"
@@ -15,89 +13,6 @@ import (
 
 var powlogger = logger.NewLogger("POW")
 
-type PoW interface {
-	Search(block *types.Block, stop <-chan struct{}) []byte
-	Verify(hash []byte, diff *big.Int, nonce []byte) bool
-	GetHashrate() int64
-	Turbo(bool)
-}
-
-type EasyPow struct {
-	hash     *big.Int
-	HashRate int64
-	turbo    bool
-}
-
-func (pow *EasyPow) GetHashrate() int64 {
-	return pow.HashRate
-}
-
-func (pow *EasyPow) Turbo(on bool) {
-	pow.turbo = on
-}
-
-func (pow *EasyPow) Search(block *types.Block, stop <-chan struct{}) []byte {
-	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
-	hash := block.HashNoNonce()
-	diff := block.Difficulty
-	i := int64(0)
-	start := time.Now().UnixNano()
-	t := time.Now()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-stop:
-			powlogger.Infoln("Breaking from mining")
-			pow.HashRate = 0
-			return nil
-		default:
-			i++
-
-			if time.Since(t) > (1 * time.Second) {
-				elapsed := time.Now().UnixNano() - start
-				hashes := ((float64(1e9) / float64(elapsed)) * float64(i)) / 1000
-				pow.HashRate = int64(hashes)
-				powlogger.Infoln("Hashing @", pow.HashRate, "khash")
-
-				t = time.Now()
-			}
-
-			sha := crypto.Sha3(big.NewInt(r.Int63()).Bytes())
-			if pow.Verify(hash, diff, sha) {
-				return sha
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !pow.turbo {
-			time.Sleep(20 * time.Microsecond)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (pow *EasyPow) Verify(hash []byte, diff *big.Int, nonce []byte) bool {
-	sha := sha3.NewKeccak256()
-
-	d := append(hash, nonce...)
-	sha.Write(d)
-
-	verification := new(big.Int).Div(ethutil.BigPow(2, 256), diff)
-	res := ethutil.U256(ethutil.BigD(sha.Sum(nil)))
-
-	/*
-		fmt.Printf("hash w/o nonce %x\n", hash)
-		fmt.Printf("2**256 / %v = %v\n", diff, verification)
-		fmt.Printf("%v <= %v\n", res, verification)
-		fmt.Printf("vlen: %d rlen: %d\n", len(verification.Bytes()), len(res.Bytes()))
-	*/
-
-	return res.Cmp(verification) <= 0
-}
-
-func (pow *EasyPow) SetHash(hash *big.Int) {
-}
-
 type Dagger struct {
 	hash *big.Int
 	xn   *big.Int
diff --git a/core/execution.go b/core/execution.go
index 9f9d9a5d9..b7eead0dd 100644
--- a/core/execution.go
+++ b/core/execution.go
@@ -3,22 +3,21 @@ package core
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vm"
 )
 
 type Execution struct {
-	vm                vm.VirtualMachine
+	env               vm.Environment
 	address, input    []byte
 	Gas, price, value *big.Int
-	object            *state.StateObject
 	SkipTransfer      bool
 }
 
-func NewExecution(vm vm.VirtualMachine, address, input []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) *Execution {
-	return &Execution{vm: vm, address: address, input: input, Gas: gas, price: gasPrice, value: value}
+func NewExecution(env vm.Environment, address, input []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) *Execution {
+	return &Execution{env: env, address: address, input: input, Gas: gas, price: gasPrice, value: value}
 }
 
 func (self *Execution) Addr() []byte {
@@ -27,54 +26,46 @@ func (self *Execution) Addr() []byte {
 
 func (self *Execution) Call(codeAddr []byte, caller vm.ClosureRef) ([]byte, error) {
 	// Retrieve the executing code
-	code := self.vm.Env().State().GetCode(codeAddr)
+	code := self.env.State().GetCode(codeAddr)
 
 	return self.exec(code, codeAddr, caller)
 }
 
-func (self *Execution) exec(code, caddr []byte, caller vm.ClosureRef) (ret []byte, err error) {
-	env := self.vm.Env()
+func (self *Execution) exec(code, contextAddr []byte, caller vm.ClosureRef) (ret []byte, err error) {
+	env := self.env
+	evm := vm.New(env, vm.DebugVmTy)
 
-	chainlogger.Debugf("pre state %x\n", env.State().Root())
-	snapshot := env.State().Copy()
-	defer func() {
-		if vm.IsDepthErr(err) || vm.IsOOGErr(err) {
-			env.State().Set(snapshot)
-		}
-		chainlogger.Debugf("post state %x\n", env.State().Root())
-	}()
+	if env.Depth() == vm.MaxCallDepth {
+		// Consume all gas (by not returning it) and return a depth error
+		return nil, vm.DepthError{}
+	}
 
 	from, to := env.State().GetStateObject(caller.Address()), env.State().GetOrNewStateObject(self.address)
 	// Skipping transfer is used on testing for the initial call
 	if !self.SkipTransfer {
 		err = env.Transfer(from, to, self.value)
+		if err != nil {
+			caller.ReturnGas(self.Gas, self.price)
+
+			err = fmt.Errorf("Insufficient funds to transfer value. Req %v, has %v", self.value, from.Balance)
+			return
+		}
 	}
 
+	snapshot := env.State().Copy()
+	start := time.Now()
+	ret, err = evm.Run(to, caller, code, self.value, self.Gas, self.price, self.input)
 	if err != nil {
-		caller.ReturnGas(self.Gas, self.price)
-
-		err = fmt.Errorf("Insufficient funds to transfer value. Req %v, has %v", self.value, from.Balance)
-	} else {
-		self.object = to
-		// Pre-compiled contracts (address.go) 1, 2 & 3.
-		naddr := ethutil.BigD(caddr).Uint64()
-		if p := vm.Precompiled[naddr]; p != nil {
-			if self.Gas.Cmp(p.Gas) >= 0 {
-				ret = p.Call(self.input)
-				self.vm.Printf("NATIVE_FUNC(%x) => %x", naddr, ret)
-				self.vm.Endl()
-			}
-		} else {
-			ret, err = self.vm.Run(to, caller, code, self.value, self.Gas, self.price, self.input)
-		}
+		env.State().Set(snapshot)
 	}
+	chainlogger.Debugf("vm took %v\n", time.Since(start))
 
 	return
 }
 
 func (self *Execution) Create(caller vm.ClosureRef) (ret []byte, err error, account *state.StateObject) {
 	ret, err = self.exec(self.input, nil, caller)
-	account = self.vm.Env().State().GetStateObject(self.address)
+	account = self.env.State().GetStateObject(self.address)
 
 	return
 }
diff --git a/core/filter.go b/core/filter.go
index fe3665bf3..fb992782d 100644
--- a/core/filter.go
+++ b/core/filter.go
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ func (self *Filter) SetSkip(skip int) {
 func (self *Filter) Find() []*state.Message {
 	var earliestBlockNo uint64 = uint64(self.earliest)
 	if self.earliest == -1 {
-		earliestBlockNo = self.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock.Number.Uint64()
+		earliestBlockNo = self.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64()
 	}
 	var latestBlockNo uint64 = uint64(self.latest)
 	if self.latest == -1 {
-		latestBlockNo = self.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock.Number.Uint64()
+		latestBlockNo = self.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64()
 	}
 
 	var (
diff --git a/core/filter_test.go b/core/filter_test.go
index d53b835b7..9a8bc9592 100644
--- a/core/filter_test.go
+++ b/core/filter_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1 @@
 package core
-
-// import "testing"
-
-// func TestFilter(t *testing.T) {
-// 	NewFilter(NewTestManager())
-// }
diff --git a/core/simple_pow.go b/core/simple_pow.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a8bc9592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/simple_pow.go
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+package core
diff --git a/core/state_transition.go b/core/state_transition.go
index 820ba66e6..7b7026c29 100644
--- a/core/state_transition.go
+++ b/core/state_transition.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vm"
 )
@@ -27,48 +29,69 @@ import (
  */
 type StateTransition struct {
 	coinbase, receiver []byte
-	tx                 *types.Transaction
+	msg                Message
 	gas, gasPrice      *big.Int
+	initialGas         *big.Int
 	value              *big.Int
 	data               []byte
 	state              *state.StateDB
 	block              *types.Block
 
 	cb, rec, sen *state.StateObject
+
+	Env vm.Environment
 }
 
-func NewStateTransition(coinbase *state.StateObject, tx *types.Transaction, state *state.StateDB, block *types.Block) *StateTransition {
-	return &StateTransition{coinbase.Address(), tx.Recipient, tx, new(big.Int), new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice), tx.Value, tx.Data, state, block, coinbase, nil, nil}
+type Message interface {
+	Hash() []byte
+
+	From() []byte
+	To() []byte
+
+	GasPrice() *big.Int
+	Gas() *big.Int
+	Value() *big.Int
+
+	Nonce() uint64
+	Data() []byte
 }
 
-func (self *StateTransition) Coinbase() *state.StateObject {
-	if self.cb != nil {
-		return self.cb
-	}
+func AddressFromMessage(msg Message) []byte {
+	// Generate a new address
+	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.NewValue([]interface{}{msg.From(), msg.Nonce()}).Encode())[12:]
+}
 
-	self.cb = self.state.GetOrNewStateObject(self.coinbase)
-	return self.cb
+func MessageCreatesContract(msg Message) bool {
+	return len(msg.To()) == 0
 }
-func (self *StateTransition) Sender() *state.StateObject {
-	if self.sen != nil {
-		return self.sen
-	}
 
-	self.sen = self.state.GetOrNewStateObject(self.tx.Sender())
+func MessageGasValue(msg Message) *big.Int {
+	return new(big.Int).Mul(msg.Gas(), msg.GasPrice())
+}
 
-	return self.sen
+func NewStateTransition(coinbase *state.StateObject, msg Message, state *state.StateDB, block *types.Block) *StateTransition {
+	return &StateTransition{coinbase.Address(), msg.To(), msg, new(big.Int), new(big.Int).Set(msg.GasPrice()), new(big.Int), msg.Value(), msg.Data(), state, block, coinbase, nil, nil, nil}
 }
-func (self *StateTransition) Receiver() *state.StateObject {
-	if self.tx != nil && self.tx.CreatesContract() {
-		return nil
-	}
 
-	if self.rec != nil {
-		return self.rec
+func (self *StateTransition) VmEnv() vm.Environment {
+	if self.Env == nil {
+		self.Env = NewEnv(self.state, self.msg, self.block)
 	}
 
-	self.rec = self.state.GetOrNewStateObject(self.tx.Recipient)
-	return self.rec
+	return self.Env
+}
+
+func (self *StateTransition) Coinbase() *state.StateObject {
+	return self.state.GetOrNewStateObject(self.coinbase)
+}
+func (self *StateTransition) From() *state.StateObject {
+	return self.state.GetOrNewStateObject(self.msg.From())
+}
+func (self *StateTransition) To() *state.StateObject {
+	if self.msg != nil && MessageCreatesContract(self.msg) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return self.state.GetOrNewStateObject(self.msg.To())
 }
 
 func (self *StateTransition) UseGas(amount *big.Int) error {
@@ -87,41 +110,33 @@ func (self *StateTransition) AddGas(amount *big.Int) {
 func (self *StateTransition) BuyGas() error {
 	var err error
 
-	sender := self.Sender()
-	if sender.Balance().Cmp(self.tx.GasValue()) < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Insufficient funds to pre-pay gas. Req %v, has %v", self.tx.GasValue(), sender.Balance())
+	sender := self.From()
+	if sender.Balance().Cmp(MessageGasValue(self.msg)) < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("insufficient ETH for gas (%x). Req %v, has %v", sender.Address()[:4], MessageGasValue(self.msg), sender.Balance())
 	}
 
 	coinbase := self.Coinbase()
-	err = coinbase.BuyGas(self.tx.Gas, self.tx.GasPrice)
+	err = coinbase.BuyGas(self.msg.Gas(), self.msg.GasPrice())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	self.AddGas(self.tx.Gas)
-	sender.SubAmount(self.tx.GasValue())
+	self.AddGas(self.msg.Gas())
+	self.initialGas.Set(self.msg.Gas())
+	sender.SubAmount(MessageGasValue(self.msg))
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (self *StateTransition) RefundGas() {
-	coinbase, sender := self.Coinbase(), self.Sender()
-	coinbase.RefundGas(self.gas, self.tx.GasPrice)
-
-	// Return remaining gas
-	remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(self.gas, self.tx.GasPrice)
-	sender.AddAmount(remaining)
-}
-
 func (self *StateTransition) preCheck() (err error) {
 	var (
-		tx     = self.tx
-		sender = self.Sender()
+		msg    = self.msg
+		sender = self.From()
 	)
 
 	// Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct
-	if sender.Nonce != tx.Nonce {
-		return NonceError(tx.Nonce, sender.Nonce)
+	if sender.Nonce != msg.Nonce() {
+		return NonceError(msg.Nonce(), sender.Nonce)
 	}
 
 	// Pre-pay gas / Buy gas of the coinbase account
@@ -132,8 +147,8 @@ func (self *StateTransition) preCheck() (err error) {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (self *StateTransition) TransitionState() (err error) {
-	statelogger.Debugf("(~) %x\n", self.tx.Hash())
+func (self *StateTransition) TransitionState() (ret []byte, err error) {
+	statelogger.Debugf("(~) %x\n", self.msg.Hash())
 
 	// XXX Transactions after this point are considered valid.
 	if err = self.preCheck(); err != nil {
@@ -141,8 +156,8 @@ func (self *StateTransition) TransitionState() (err error) {
 	}
 
 	var (
-		tx     = self.tx
-		sender = self.Sender()
+		msg    = self.msg
+		sender = self.From()
 	)
 
 	defer self.RefundGas()
@@ -168,30 +183,56 @@ func (self *StateTransition) TransitionState() (err error) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var ret []byte
-	vmenv := NewEnv(self.state, self.tx, self.block)
+	vmenv := self.VmEnv()
 	var ref vm.ClosureRef
-	if tx.CreatesContract() {
-		self.rec = MakeContract(tx, self.state)
-
-		ret, err, ref = vmenv.Create(sender, self.rec.Address(), self.tx.Data, self.gas, self.gasPrice, self.value)
-		ref.SetCode(ret)
+	if MessageCreatesContract(msg) {
+		contract := MakeContract(msg, self.state)
+		ret, err, ref = vmenv.Create(sender, contract.Address(), self.msg.Data(), self.gas, self.gasPrice, self.value)
+		if err == nil {
+			dataGas := big.NewInt(int64(len(ret)))
+			dataGas.Mul(dataGas, vm.GasCreateByte)
+			if err = self.UseGas(dataGas); err == nil {
+				//self.state.SetCode(ref.Address(), ret)
+				ref.SetCode(ret)
+			}
+		}
 	} else {
-		ret, err = vmenv.Call(self.Sender(), self.Receiver().Address(), self.tx.Data, self.gas, self.gasPrice, self.value)
+		ret, err = vmenv.Call(self.From(), self.To().Address(), self.msg.Data(), self.gas, self.gasPrice, self.value)
 	}
+
 	if err != nil {
-		statelogger.Debugln(err)
+		self.UseGas(self.gas)
 	}
 
 	return
 }
 
 // Converts an transaction in to a state object
-func MakeContract(tx *types.Transaction, state *state.StateDB) *state.StateObject {
-	addr := tx.CreationAddress(state)
+func MakeContract(msg Message, state *state.StateDB) *state.StateObject {
+	addr := AddressFromMessage(msg)
 
 	contract := state.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
-	contract.InitCode = tx.Data
+	contract.InitCode = msg.Data()
 
 	return contract
 }
+
+func (self *StateTransition) RefundGas() {
+	coinbase, sender := self.Coinbase(), self.From()
+	// Return remaining gas
+	remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(self.gas, self.msg.GasPrice())
+	sender.AddAmount(remaining)
+
+	uhalf := new(big.Int).Div(self.GasUsed(), ethutil.Big2)
+	for addr, ref := range self.state.Refunds() {
+		refund := ethutil.BigMin(uhalf, ref)
+		self.gas.Add(self.gas, refund)
+		self.state.AddBalance([]byte(addr), refund.Mul(refund, self.msg.GasPrice()))
+	}
+
+	coinbase.RefundGas(self.gas, self.msg.GasPrice())
+}
+
+func (self *StateTransition) GasUsed() *big.Int {
+	return new(big.Int).Sub(self.initialGas, self.gas)
+}
diff --git a/core/transaction_pool.go b/core/transaction_pool.go
index abacb14f1..58c2255a4 100644
--- a/core/transaction_pool.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wire"
@@ -61,7 +62,6 @@ type TxProcessor interface {
 // pool is being drained or synced for whatever reason the transactions
 // will simple queue up and handled when the mutex is freed.
 type TxPool struct {
-	Ethereum EthManager
 	// The mutex for accessing the Tx pool.
 	mutex sync.Mutex
 	// Queueing channel for reading and writing incoming
@@ -75,14 +75,20 @@ type TxPool struct {
 	SecondaryProcessor TxProcessor
 
 	subscribers []chan TxMsg
+
+	broadcaster  types.Broadcaster
+	chainManager *ChainManager
+	eventMux     *event.TypeMux
 }
 
-func NewTxPool(ethereum EthManager) *TxPool {
+func NewTxPool(chainManager *ChainManager, broadcaster types.Broadcaster, eventMux *event.TypeMux) *TxPool {
 	return &TxPool{
-		pool:      list.New(),
-		queueChan: make(chan *types.Transaction, txPoolQueueSize),
-		quit:      make(chan bool),
-		Ethereum:  ethereum,
+		pool:         list.New(),
+		queueChan:    make(chan *types.Transaction, txPoolQueueSize),
+		quit:         make(chan bool),
+		chainManager: chainManager,
+		eventMux:     eventMux,
+		broadcaster:  broadcaster,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -94,20 +100,20 @@ func (pool *TxPool) addTransaction(tx *types.Transaction) {
 	pool.pool.PushBack(tx)
 
 	// Broadcast the transaction to the rest of the peers
-	pool.Ethereum.Broadcast(wire.MsgTxTy, []interface{}{tx.RlpData()})
+	pool.broadcaster.Broadcast(wire.MsgTxTy, []interface{}{tx.RlpData()})
 }
 
 func (pool *TxPool) ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 	// Get the last block so we can retrieve the sender and receiver from
 	// the merkle trie
-	block := pool.Ethereum.ChainManager().CurrentBlock
+	block := pool.chainManager.CurrentBlock
 	// Something has gone horribly wrong if this happens
 	if block == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("No last block on the block chain")
 	}
 
-	if len(tx.Recipient) != 0 && len(tx.Recipient) != 20 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid recipient. len = %d", len(tx.Recipient))
+	if len(tx.To()) != 0 && len(tx.To()) != 20 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid recipient. len = %d", len(tx.To()))
 	}
 
 	v, _, _ := tx.Curve()
@@ -115,24 +121,14 @@ func (pool *TxPool) ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("tx.v != (28 || 27)")
 	}
 
-	if tx.GasPrice.Cmp(MinGasPrice) < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Gas price to low. Require %v > Got %v", MinGasPrice, tx.GasPrice)
-	}
-
 	// Get the sender
-	sender := pool.Ethereum.BlockManager().CurrentState().GetAccount(tx.Sender())
+	sender := pool.chainManager.State().GetAccount(tx.Sender())
 
-	totAmount := new(big.Int).Set(tx.Value)
+	totAmount := new(big.Int).Set(tx.Value())
 	// Make sure there's enough in the sender's account. Having insufficient
 	// funds won't invalidate this transaction but simple ignores it.
 	if sender.Balance().Cmp(totAmount) < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Insufficient amount in sender's (%x) account", tx.Sender())
-	}
-
-	if tx.IsContract() {
-		if tx.GasPrice.Cmp(big.NewInt(minGasPrice)) < 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Gasprice too low, %s given should be at least %d.", tx.GasPrice, minGasPrice)
-		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("Insufficient amount in sender's (%x) account", tx.From())
 	}
 
 	// Increment the nonce making each tx valid only once to prevent replay
@@ -158,17 +154,18 @@ func (self *TxPool) Add(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 
 	self.addTransaction(tx)
 
-	tmp := make([]byte, 4)
-	copy(tmp, tx.Recipient)
-
-	txplogger.Debugf("(t) %x => %x (%v) %x\n", tx.Sender()[:4], tmp, tx.Value, tx.Hash())
+	txplogger.Debugf("(t) %x => %x (%v) %x\n", tx.From()[:4], tx.To()[:4], tx.Value, tx.Hash())
 
 	// Notify the subscribers
-	self.Ethereum.EventMux().Post(TxPreEvent{tx})
+	go self.eventMux.Post(TxPreEvent{tx})
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (self *TxPool) Size() int {
+	return self.pool.Len()
+}
+
 func (pool *TxPool) CurrentTransactions() []*types.Transaction {
 	pool.mutex.Lock()
 	defer pool.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -194,7 +191,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) RemoveInvalid(state *state.StateDB) {
 		tx := e.Value.(*types.Transaction)
 		sender := state.GetAccount(tx.Sender())
 		err := pool.ValidateTransaction(tx)
-		if err != nil || sender.Nonce >= tx.Nonce {
+		if err != nil || sender.Nonce >= tx.Nonce() {
 			pool.pool.Remove(e)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/core/types/block.go b/core/types/block.go
index 55ce1fb9b..2d889f35f 100644
--- a/core/types/block.go
+++ b/core/types/block.go
@@ -409,5 +409,8 @@ func (self *Block) Size() ethutil.StorageSize {
 
 // Implement RlpEncodable
 func (self *Block) RlpData() interface{} {
-	return self.Value().Val
+	return []interface{}{self.header(), self.transactions, self.rlpUncles()}
 }
+
+// Implement pow.Block
+func (self *Block) N() []byte { return self.Nonce }
diff --git a/core/types/bloom9.go b/core/types/bloom9.go
index d04656b0d..c1841e553 100644
--- a/core/types/bloom9.go
+++ b/core/types/bloom9.go
@@ -20,18 +20,16 @@ func CreateBloom(receipts Receipts) []byte {
 func LogsBloom(logs state.Logs) *big.Int {
 	bin := new(big.Int)
 	for _, log := range logs {
-		data := [][]byte{log.Address()}
-		for _, topic := range log.Topics() {
-			data = append(data, topic)
+		data := make([][]byte, len(log.Topics())+1)
+		data[0] = log.Address()
+
+		for i, topic := range log.Topics() {
+			data[i+1] = topic
 		}
 
 		for _, b := range data {
 			bin.Or(bin, ethutil.BigD(bloom9(crypto.Sha3(b)).Bytes()))
 		}
-
-		//if log.Data != nil {
-		//	data = append(data, log.Data)
-		//}
 	}
 
 	return bin
diff --git a/core/types/common.go b/core/types/common.go
index ba88b77e1..89cb5f498 100644
--- a/core/types/common.go
+++ b/core/types/common.go
@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wire"
 )
 
 type BlockProcessor interface {
 	Process(*Block) (*big.Int, state.Messages, error)
 }
+
+type Broadcaster interface {
+	Broadcast(wire.MsgType, []interface{})
+}
diff --git a/core/types/receipt.go b/core/types/receipt.go
index 25fa8fb07..bac64e41d 100644
--- a/core/types/receipt.go
+++ b/core/types/receipt.go
@@ -64,5 +64,18 @@ func (self *Receipt) String() string {
 
 type Receipts []*Receipt
 
+func (self Receipts) RlpData() interface{} {
+	data := make([]interface{}, len(self))
+	for i, receipt := range self {
+		data[i] = receipt.RlpData()
+	}
+
+	return data
+}
+
+func (self Receipts) RlpEncode() []byte {
+	return ethutil.Encode(self.RlpData())
+}
+
 func (self Receipts) Len() int            { return len(self) }
 func (self Receipts) GetRlp(i int) []byte { return ethutil.Rlp(self[i]) }
diff --git a/core/types/transaction.go b/core/types/transaction.go
index 63edef756..f6ad0774b 100644
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@@ -6,37 +6,30 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 	"github.com/obscuren/secp256k1-go"
 )
 
-var ContractAddr = []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
-
 func IsContractAddr(addr []byte) bool {
 	return len(addr) == 0
-	//return bytes.Compare(addr, ContractAddr) == 0
 }
 
 type Transaction struct {
-	Nonce     uint64
-	Recipient []byte
-	Value     *big.Int
-	Gas       *big.Int
-	GasPrice  *big.Int
-	Data      []byte
+	nonce     uint64
+	recipient []byte
+	value     *big.Int
+	gas       *big.Int
+	gasPrice  *big.Int
+	data      []byte
 	v         byte
 	r, s      []byte
-
-	// Indicates whether this tx is a contract creation transaction
-	contractCreation bool
 }
 
 func NewContractCreationTx(value, gas, gasPrice *big.Int, script []byte) *Transaction {
-	return &Transaction{Recipient: nil, Value: value, Gas: gas, GasPrice: gasPrice, Data: script, contractCreation: true}
+	return &Transaction{recipient: nil, value: value, gas: gas, gasPrice: gasPrice, data: script}
 }
 
 func NewTransactionMessage(to []byte, value, gas, gasPrice *big.Int, data []byte) *Transaction {
-	return &Transaction{Recipient: to, Value: value, GasPrice: gasPrice, Gas: gas, Data: data, contractCreation: IsContractAddr(to)}
+	return &Transaction{recipient: to, value: value, gasPrice: gasPrice, gas: gas, data: data}
 }
 
 func NewTransactionFromBytes(data []byte) *Transaction {
@@ -53,33 +46,42 @@ func NewTransactionFromValue(val *ethutil.Value) *Transaction {
 	return tx
 }
 
-func (self *Transaction) GasValue() *big.Int {
-	return new(big.Int).Mul(self.Gas, self.GasPrice)
+func (tx *Transaction) Hash() []byte {
+	data := []interface{}{tx.nonce, tx.gasPrice, tx.gas, tx.recipient, tx.value, tx.data}
+
+	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.NewValue(data).Encode())
 }
 
-func (self *Transaction) TotalValue() *big.Int {
-	v := self.GasValue()
-	return v.Add(v, self.Value)
+func (self *Transaction) Data() []byte {
+	return self.data
 }
 
-func (tx *Transaction) Hash() []byte {
-	data := []interface{}{tx.Nonce, tx.GasPrice, tx.Gas, tx.Recipient, tx.Value, tx.Data}
+func (self *Transaction) Gas() *big.Int {
+	return self.gas
+}
 
-	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.NewValue(data).Encode())
+func (self *Transaction) GasPrice() *big.Int {
+	return self.gasPrice
 }
 
-func (tx *Transaction) CreatesContract() bool {
-	return tx.contractCreation
+func (self *Transaction) Value() *big.Int {
+	return self.value
 }
 
-/* Deprecated */
-func (tx *Transaction) IsContract() bool {
-	return tx.CreatesContract()
+func (self *Transaction) Nonce() uint64 {
+	return self.nonce
 }
 
-func (tx *Transaction) CreationAddress(state *state.StateDB) []byte {
-	// Generate a new address
-	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.NewValue([]interface{}{tx.Sender(), tx.Nonce}).Encode())[12:]
+func (self *Transaction) SetNonce(nonce uint64) {
+	self.nonce = nonce
+}
+
+func (self *Transaction) From() []byte {
+	return self.Sender()
+}
+
+func (self *Transaction) To() []byte {
+	return self.recipient
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) Curve() (v byte, r []byte, s []byte) {
@@ -106,8 +108,8 @@ func (tx *Transaction) PublicKey() []byte {
 	sig := append(r, s...)
 	sig = append(sig, v-27)
 
-	pubkey := crypto.Ecrecover(append(hash, sig...))
-	//pubkey, _ := secp256k1.RecoverPubkey(hash, sig)
+	//pubkey := crypto.Ecrecover(append(hash, sig...))
+	pubkey, _ := secp256k1.RecoverPubkey(hash, sig)
 
 	return pubkey
 }
@@ -136,9 +138,7 @@ func (tx *Transaction) Sign(privk []byte) error {
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) RlpData() interface{} {
-	data := []interface{}{tx.Nonce, tx.GasPrice, tx.Gas, tx.Recipient, tx.Value, tx.Data}
-
-	// TODO Remove prefixing zero's
+	data := []interface{}{tx.nonce, tx.gasPrice, tx.gas, tx.recipient, tx.value, tx.data}
 
 	return append(data, tx.v, new(big.Int).SetBytes(tx.r).Bytes(), new(big.Int).SetBytes(tx.s).Bytes())
 }
@@ -156,20 +156,16 @@ func (tx *Transaction) RlpDecode(data []byte) {
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) RlpValueDecode(decoder *ethutil.Value) {
-	tx.Nonce = decoder.Get(0).Uint()
-	tx.GasPrice = decoder.Get(1).BigInt()
-	tx.Gas = decoder.Get(2).BigInt()
-	tx.Recipient = decoder.Get(3).Bytes()
-	tx.Value = decoder.Get(4).BigInt()
-	tx.Data = decoder.Get(5).Bytes()
+	tx.nonce = decoder.Get(0).Uint()
+	tx.gasPrice = decoder.Get(1).BigInt()
+	tx.gas = decoder.Get(2).BigInt()
+	tx.recipient = decoder.Get(3).Bytes()
+	tx.value = decoder.Get(4).BigInt()
+	tx.data = decoder.Get(5).Bytes()
 	tx.v = byte(decoder.Get(6).Uint())
 
 	tx.r = decoder.Get(7).Bytes()
 	tx.s = decoder.Get(8).Bytes()
-
-	if IsContractAddr(tx.Recipient) {
-		tx.contractCreation = true
-	}
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) String() string {
@@ -186,19 +182,22 @@ func (tx *Transaction) String() string {
 	V:        0x%x
 	R:        0x%x
 	S:        0x%x
+	Hex:      %x
 	`,
 		tx.Hash(),
-		len(tx.Recipient) == 0,
+		len(tx.recipient) == 0,
 		tx.Sender(),
-		tx.Recipient,
-		tx.Nonce,
-		tx.GasPrice,
-		tx.Gas,
-		tx.Value,
-		tx.Data,
+		tx.recipient,
+		tx.nonce,
+		tx.gasPrice,
+		tx.gas,
+		tx.value,
+		tx.data,
 		tx.v,
 		tx.r,
-		tx.s)
+		tx.s,
+		ethutil.Encode(tx),
+	)
 }
 
 // Transaction slice type for basic sorting
@@ -221,5 +220,5 @@ func (s Transactions) GetRlp(i int) []byte { return ethutil.Rlp(s[i]) }
 type TxByNonce struct{ Transactions }
 
 func (s TxByNonce) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	return s.Transactions[i].Nonce < s.Transactions[j].Nonce
+	return s.Transactions[i].nonce < s.Transactions[j].nonce
 }
diff --git a/core/vm_env.go b/core/vm_env.go
index 9e1815188..ad63ecf9c 100644
--- a/core/vm_env.go
+++ b/core/vm_env.go
@@ -11,26 +11,26 @@ import (
 type VMEnv struct {
 	state *state.StateDB
 	block *types.Block
-	tx    *types.Transaction
+	msg   Message
 	depth int
 }
 
-func NewEnv(state *state.StateDB, tx *types.Transaction, block *types.Block) *VMEnv {
+func NewEnv(state *state.StateDB, msg Message, block *types.Block) *VMEnv {
 	return &VMEnv{
 		state: state,
 		block: block,
-		tx:    tx,
+		msg:   msg,
 	}
 }
 
-func (self *VMEnv) Origin() []byte        { return self.tx.Sender() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Origin() []byte        { return self.msg.From() }
 func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int { return self.block.Number }
 func (self *VMEnv) PrevHash() []byte      { return self.block.PrevHash }
 func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() []byte      { return self.block.Coinbase }
 func (self *VMEnv) Time() int64           { return self.block.Time }
 func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int  { return self.block.Difficulty }
 func (self *VMEnv) BlockHash() []byte     { return self.block.Hash() }
-func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int       { return self.tx.Value }
+func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int       { return self.msg.Value() }
 func (self *VMEnv) State() *state.StateDB { return self.state }
 func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int    { return self.block.GasLimit }
 func (self *VMEnv) Depth() int            { return self.depth }
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ func (self *VMEnv) Transfer(from, to vm.Account, amount *big.Int) error {
 }
 
 func (self *VMEnv) vm(addr, data []byte, gas, price, value *big.Int) *Execution {
-	evm := vm.New(self, vm.DebugVmTy)
-
-	return NewExecution(evm, addr, data, gas, price, value)
+	return NewExecution(self, addr, data, gas, price, value)
 }
 
 func (self *VMEnv) Call(me vm.ClosureRef, addr, data []byte, gas, price, value *big.Int) ([]byte, error) {