Moved execution from vm to chain.

This moves call and create to the specified environments. Vms are no
longer re-used. Vm uses environment's Call(Code) and Create in order to
execute new contracts or transfer value between accounts.

State transition now uses the same mechanism described above.

6 files changed, 52 insertions, 825 deletions

diff --git a/vm/closure.go b/vm/closure.go
index 5bd8c1bb8..2263236e7 100644
--- a/vm/closure.go
+++ b/vm/closure.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 type ClosureRef interface {
 	ReturnGas(*big.Int, *big.Int)
 	Address() []byte
-	Object() *state.StateObject
+	SetCode([]byte)
 	GetStorage(*big.Int) *ethutil.Value
 	SetStorage(*big.Int, *ethutil.Value)
 }
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ type ClosureRef interface {
 // Basic inline closure object which implement the 'closure' interface
 type Closure struct {
 	caller  ClosureRef
-	object  *state.StateObject
+	object  ClosureRef
 	Code    []byte
 	message *state.Message
-	exe     *Execution
 
 	Gas, UsedGas, Price *big.Int
 
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ type Closure struct {
 }
 
 // Create a new closure for the given data items
-func NewClosure(msg *state.Message, caller ClosureRef, object *state.StateObject, code []byte, gas, price *big.Int) *Closure {
+func NewClosure(msg *state.Message, caller ClosureRef, object ClosureRef, code []byte, gas, price *big.Int) *Closure {
 	c := &Closure{message: msg, caller: caller, object: object, Code: code, Args: nil}
 
 	// Gas should be a pointer so it can safely be reduced through the run
@@ -89,6 +88,10 @@ func (c *Closure) Gets(x, y *big.Int) *ethutil.Value {
 	return ethutil.NewValue(partial)
 }
 
+func (self *Closure) SetCode(code []byte) {
+	self.Code = code
+}
+
 func (c *Closure) SetStorage(x *big.Int, val *ethutil.Value) {
 	c.object.SetStorage(x, val)
 }
@@ -97,6 +100,7 @@ func (c *Closure) Address() []byte {
 	return c.object.Address()
 }
 
+/*
 func (c *Closure) Call(vm VirtualMachine, args []byte) ([]byte, *big.Int, error) {
 	c.Args = args
 
@@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ func (c *Closure) Call(vm VirtualMachine, args []byte) ([]byte, *big.Int, error)
 
 	return ret, c.UsedGas, err
 }
+*/
 
 func (c *Closure) Return(ret []byte) []byte {
 	// Return the remaining gas to the caller
@@ -131,14 +136,6 @@ func (c *Closure) ReturnGas(gas, price *big.Int) {
 	c.UsedGas.Sub(c.UsedGas, gas)
 }
 
-func (c *Closure) Object() *state.StateObject {
-	return c.object
-}
-
 func (c *Closure) Caller() ClosureRef {
 	return c.caller
 }
-
-func (self *Closure) SetExecution(exe *Execution) {
-	self.exe = exe
-}
diff --git a/vm/environment.go b/vm/environment.go
index 5604989e1..3d75d05b9 100644
--- a/vm/environment.go
+++ b/vm/environment.go
@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ type Environment interface {
 	GasLimit() *big.Int
 	Transfer(from, to Account, amount *big.Int) error
 	AddLog(*state.Log)
+
+	Depth() int
+	SetDepth(i int)
+
+	Call(me ClosureRef, addr, data []byte, gas, price, value *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+	CallCode(me ClosureRef, addr, data []byte, gas, price, value *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+	Create(me ClosureRef, addr, data []byte, gas, price, value *big.Int) ([]byte, error, ClosureRef)
 }
 
 type Object interface {
@@ -43,9 +50,5 @@ func Transfer(from, to Account, amount *big.Int) error {
 	from.SubBalance(amount)
 	to.AddBalance(amount)
 
-	// Add default LOG. Default = big(sender.addr) + 1
-	//addr := ethutil.BigD(receiver.Address())
-	//tx.addLog(vm.Log{sender.Address(), [][]byte{ethutil.U256(addr.Add(addr, ethutil.Big1)).Bytes()}, nil})
-
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/vm/execution.go b/vm/execution.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c04cf536..000000000
--- a/vm/execution.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-package vm
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
-)
-
-type Execution struct {
-	vm                VirtualMachine
-	address, input    []byte
-	Gas, price, value *big.Int
-	object            *state.StateObject
-	SkipTransfer      bool
-}
-
-func NewExecution(vm VirtualMachine, address, input []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) *Execution {
-	return &Execution{vm: vm, address: address, input: input, Gas: gas, price: gasPrice, value: value}
-}
-
-func (self *Execution) Addr() []byte {
-	return self.address
-}
-
-func (self *Execution) Exec(codeAddr []byte, caller ClosureRef) ([]byte, error) {
-	// Retrieve the executing code
-	code := self.vm.Env().State().GetCode(codeAddr)
-
-	return self.exec(code, codeAddr, caller)
-}
-
-func (self *Execution) exec(code, caddr []byte, caller ClosureRef) (ret []byte, err error) {
-	env := self.vm.Env()
-
-	vmlogger.Debugf("pre state %x\n", env.State().Root())
-	snapshot := env.State().Copy()
-	defer func() {
-		if IsDepthErr(err) || IsOOGErr(err) {
-			env.State().Set(snapshot)
-		}
-		vmlogger.Debugf("post state %x\n", env.State().Root())
-	}()
-
-	msg := env.State().Manifest().AddMessage(&state.Message{
-		To: self.address, From: caller.Address(),
-		Input:  self.input,
-		Origin: env.Origin(),
-		Block:  env.BlockHash(), Timestamp: env.Time(), Coinbase: env.Coinbase(), Number: env.BlockNumber(),
-		Value: self.value,
-	})
-
-	from, to := caller.Object(), env.State().GetOrNewStateObject(self.address)
-	// Skipping transfer is used on testing for the initial call
-	if !self.SkipTransfer {
-		err = env.Transfer(from, to, self.value)
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		caller.ReturnGas(self.Gas, self.price)
-
-		err = fmt.Errorf("Insufficient funds to transfer value. Req %v, has %v", self.value, from.Balance)
-	} else {
-		self.object = to
-		// Pre-compiled contracts (address.go) 1, 2 & 3.
-		naddr := ethutil.BigD(caddr).Uint64()
-		if p := Precompiled[naddr]; p != nil {
-			if self.Gas.Cmp(p.Gas) >= 0 {
-				ret = p.Call(self.input)
-				self.vm.Printf("NATIVE_FUNC(%x) => %x", naddr, ret)
-				self.vm.Endl()
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Create a new callable closure
-			c := NewClosure(msg, caller, to, code, self.Gas, self.price)
-			c.exe = self
-
-			if self.vm.Depth() == MaxCallDepth {
-				c.UseGas(self.Gas)
-
-				return c.Return(nil), DepthError{}
-			}
-
-			// Executer the closure and get the return value (if any)
-			ret, _, err = c.Call(self.vm, self.input)
-			msg.Output = ret
-		}
-	}
-
-	return
-}
-
-func (self *Execution) Create(caller ClosureRef) (ret []byte, err error) {
-	return self.exec(self.input, nil, caller)
-}
diff --git a/vm/virtual_machine.go b/vm/virtual_machine.go
index cc8cd39a9..5738075fb 100644
--- a/vm/virtual_machine.go
+++ b/vm/virtual_machine.go
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package vm
 
+import "math/big"
+
 type VirtualMachine interface {
 	Env() Environment
-	RunClosure(*Closure) ([]byte, error)
+	Run(me, caller ClosureRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.Int, data []byte) ([]byte, error)
 	Depth() int
 	Printf(string, ...interface{}) VirtualMachine
 	Endl() VirtualMachine
diff --git a/vm/vm.go b/vm/vm.go
index e1c2d9c14..968ca10fa 100644
--- a/vm/vm.go
+++ b/vm/vm.go
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 package vm
 
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
-)
+import "math/big"
 
 // BIG FAT WARNING. THIS VM IS NOT YET IS USE!
 // I want to get all VM tests pass first before updating this VM
@@ -26,686 +20,8 @@ func New(env Environment, typ Type) VirtualMachine {
 	}
 }
 
-func (self *Vm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
-	self.depth++
-
-	// Recover from any require exception
-	defer func() {
-		if r := recover(); r != nil {
-			ret = closure.Return(nil)
-			err = fmt.Errorf("%v", r)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// Don't bother with the execution if there's no code.
-	if len(closure.Code) == 0 {
-		return closure.Return(nil), nil
-	}
-
-	var (
-		op OpCode
-
-		mem     = &Memory{}
-		stack   = NewStack()
-		pc      = 0
-		step    = 0
-		require = func(m int) {
-			if stack.Len() < m {
-				panic(fmt.Sprintf("%04v (%v) stack err size = %d, required = %d", pc, op, stack.Len(), m))
-			}
-		}
-	)
-
-	for {
-		// The base for all big integer arithmetic
-		base := new(big.Int)
-
-		step++
-		// Get the memory location of pc
-		op := closure.GetOp(pc)
-
-		gas := new(big.Int)
-		addStepGasUsage := func(amount *big.Int) {
-			gas.Add(gas, amount)
-		}
-
-		addStepGasUsage(GasStep)
-
-		var newMemSize *big.Int = ethutil.Big0
-		switch op {
-		case STOP:
-			gas.Set(ethutil.Big0)
-		case SUICIDE:
-			gas.Set(ethutil.Big0)
-		case SLOAD:
-			gas.Set(GasSLoad)
-		case SSTORE:
-			var mult *big.Int
-			y, x := stack.Peekn()
-			val := closure.GetStorage(x)
-			if val.BigInt().Cmp(ethutil.Big0) == 0 && len(y.Bytes()) > 0 {
-				mult = ethutil.Big2
-			} else if val.BigInt().Cmp(ethutil.Big0) != 0 && len(y.Bytes()) == 0 {
-				mult = ethutil.Big0
-			} else {
-				mult = ethutil.Big1
-			}
-			gas = new(big.Int).Mul(mult, GasSStore)
-		case BALANCE:
-			gas.Set(GasBalance)
-		case MSTORE:
-			require(2)
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), u256(32))
-		case MLOAD:
-			require(1)
-
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), u256(32))
-		case MSTORE8:
-			require(2)
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), u256(1))
-		case RETURN:
-			require(2)
-
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), stack.data[stack.Len()-2])
-		case SHA3:
-			require(2)
-
-			gas.Set(GasSha)
-
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), stack.data[stack.Len()-2])
-		case CALLDATACOPY:
-			require(2)
-
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), stack.data[stack.Len()-3])
-		case CODECOPY:
-			require(3)
-
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), stack.data[stack.Len()-3])
-		case EXTCODECOPY:
-			require(4)
-
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-2], stack.data[stack.Len()-4])
-		case CALL, CALLCODE:
-			require(7)
-			gas.Set(GasCall)
-			addStepGasUsage(stack.data[stack.Len()-1])
-
-			x := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-6], stack.data[stack.Len()-7])
-			y := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-4], stack.data[stack.Len()-5])
-
-			newMemSize = ethutil.BigMax(x, y)
-		case CREATE:
-			require(3)
-			gas.Set(GasCreate)
-
-			newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-2], stack.data[stack.Len()-3])
-		}
-
-		if newMemSize.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) > 0 {
-			newMemSize.Add(newMemSize, u256(31))
-			newMemSize.Div(newMemSize, u256(32))
-			newMemSize.Mul(newMemSize, u256(32))
-
-			if newMemSize.Cmp(u256(int64(mem.Len()))) > 0 {
-				memGasUsage := new(big.Int).Sub(newMemSize, u256(int64(mem.Len())))
-				memGasUsage.Mul(GasMemory, memGasUsage)
-				memGasUsage.Div(memGasUsage, u256(32))
-
-				addStepGasUsage(memGasUsage)
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !closure.UseGas(gas) {
-			err := fmt.Errorf("Insufficient gas for %v. req %v has %v", op, gas, closure.Gas)
-
-			closure.UseGas(closure.Gas)
-
-			return closure.Return(nil), err
-		}
-
-		mem.Resize(newMemSize.Uint64())
-
-		switch op {
-		// 0x20 range
-		case ADD:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			base.Add(y, x)
-
-			U256(base)
-
-			// Pop result back on the stack
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case SUB:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			base.Sub(y, x)
-
-			U256(base)
-
-			// Pop result back on the stack
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case MUL:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			base.Mul(y, x)
-
-			U256(base)
-
-			// Pop result back on the stack
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case DIV:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			if x.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) != 0 {
-				base.Div(y, x)
-			}
-
-			U256(base)
-
-			// Pop result back on the stack
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case SDIV:
-			require(2)
-			y, x := S256(stack.Pop()), S256(stack.Pop())
-
-			if x.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) == 0 {
-				base.Set(ethutil.Big0)
-			} else {
-				n := new(big.Int)
-				if new(big.Int).Mul(y, x).Cmp(ethutil.Big0) < 0 {
-					n.SetInt64(-1)
-				} else {
-					n.SetInt64(1)
-				}
-
-				base.Div(y.Abs(y), x.Mul(x.Abs(x), n))
-
-				U256(base)
-			}
-
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case MOD:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			base.Mod(y, x)
-
-			U256(base)
-
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case SMOD:
-			require(2)
-			y, x := S256(stack.Pop()), S256(stack.Pop())
-
-			if x.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) == 0 {
-				base.Set(ethutil.Big0)
-			} else {
-				n := new(big.Int)
-				if y.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) < 0 {
-					n.SetInt64(-1)
-				} else {
-					n.SetInt64(1)
-				}
-
-				base.Mod(y.Abs(y), x.Mul(x.Abs(x), n))
-
-				U256(base)
-			}
-
-			stack.Push(base)
-
-		case EXP:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			base.Exp(y, x, Pow256)
-
-			U256(base)
-
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case NOT:
-			require(1)
-			base.Sub(Pow256, stack.Pop())
-
-			base = U256(base)
-
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case LT:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-			// x < y
-			if y.Cmp(x) < 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
-			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-			}
-		case GT:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			// x > y
-			if y.Cmp(x) > 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
-			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-			}
-
-		case SLT:
-			require(2)
-			y, x := S256(stack.Pop()), S256(stack.Pop())
-			// x < y
-			if y.Cmp(S256(x)) < 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
-			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-			}
-		case SGT:
-			require(2)
-			y, x := S256(stack.Pop()), S256(stack.Pop())
-
-			// x > y
-			if y.Cmp(x) > 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
-			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-			}
-
-		case EQ:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			// x == y
-			if x.Cmp(y) == 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
-			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-			}
-		case ISZERO:
-			require(1)
-			x := stack.Pop()
-			if x.Cmp(ethutil.BigFalse) > 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
-			}
-
-			// 0x10 range
-		case AND:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			stack.Push(base.And(y, x))
-		case OR:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			stack.Push(base.Or(y, x))
-		case XOR:
-			require(2)
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-
-			stack.Push(base.Xor(y, x))
-		case BYTE:
-			require(2)
-			val, th := stack.Popn()
-			if th.Cmp(big.NewInt(32)) < 0 && th.Cmp(big.NewInt(int64(len(val.Bytes())))) < 0 {
-				byt := big.NewInt(int64(ethutil.LeftPadBytes(val.Bytes(), 32)[th.Int64()]))
-				stack.Push(byt)
-
-			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-			}
-		case ADDMOD:
-			require(3)
-
-			x := stack.Pop()
-			y := stack.Pop()
-			z := stack.Pop()
-
-			base.Add(x, y)
-			base.Mod(base, z)
-
-			U256(base)
-
-			stack.Push(base)
-		case MULMOD:
-			require(3)
-
-			x := stack.Pop()
-			y := stack.Pop()
-			z := stack.Pop()
-
-			base.Mul(x, y)
-			base.Mod(base, z)
-
-			U256(base)
-
-			stack.Push(base)
-
-			// 0x20 range
-		case SHA3:
-			require(2)
-			size, offset := stack.Popn()
-			data := crypto.Sha3(mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64()))
-
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(data))
-
-			// 0x30 range
-		case ADDRESS:
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(closure.Address()))
-
-		case BALANCE:
-			require(1)
-
-			addr := stack.Pop().Bytes()
-			balance := self.env.State().GetBalance(addr)
-
-			stack.Push(balance)
-
-		case ORIGIN:
-			origin := self.env.Origin()
-
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(origin))
-
-		case CALLER:
-			caller := closure.caller.Address()
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(caller))
-
-		case CALLVALUE:
-			value := closure.exe.value
-
-			stack.Push(value)
-
-		case CALLDATALOAD:
-			require(1)
-			var (
-				offset  = stack.Pop()
-				data    = make([]byte, 32)
-				lenData = big.NewInt(int64(len(closure.Args)))
-			)
-
-			if lenData.Cmp(offset) >= 0 {
-				length := new(big.Int).Add(offset, ethutil.Big32)
-				length = ethutil.BigMin(length, lenData)
-
-				copy(data, closure.Args[offset.Int64():length.Int64()])
-			}
-
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(data))
-		case CALLDATASIZE:
-			l := int64(len(closure.Args))
-			stack.Push(big.NewInt(l))
-
-		case CALLDATACOPY:
-			var (
-				size = int64(len(closure.Args))
-				mOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
-				cOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
-				l    = stack.Pop().Int64()
-			)
-
-			if cOff > size {
-				cOff = 0
-				l = 0
-			} else if cOff+l > size {
-				l = 0
-			}
-
-			code := closure.Args[cOff : cOff+l]
-
-			mem.Set(mOff, l, code)
-		case CODESIZE, EXTCODESIZE:
-			var code []byte
-			if op == EXTCODECOPY {
-				addr := stack.Pop().Bytes()
-
-				code = self.env.State().GetCode(addr)
-			} else {
-				code = closure.Code
-			}
-
-			l := big.NewInt(int64(len(code)))
-			stack.Push(l)
-
-		case CODECOPY, EXTCODECOPY:
-			var code []byte
-			if op == EXTCODECOPY {
-				addr := stack.Pop().Bytes()
-
-				code = self.env.State().GetCode(addr)
-			} else {
-				code = closure.Code
-			}
-
-			var (
-				size = int64(len(code))
-				mOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
-				cOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
-				l    = stack.Pop().Int64()
-			)
-
-			if cOff > size {
-				cOff = 0
-				l = 0
-			} else if cOff+l > size {
-				l = 0
-			}
-
-			codeCopy := code[cOff : cOff+l]
-
-			mem.Set(mOff, l, codeCopy)
-		case GASPRICE:
-			stack.Push(closure.Price)
-
-			// 0x40 range
-		case PREVHASH:
-			prevHash := self.env.PrevHash()
-
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(prevHash))
-
-		case COINBASE:
-			coinbase := self.env.Coinbase()
-
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(coinbase))
-
-		case TIMESTAMP:
-			time := self.env.Time()
-
-			stack.Push(big.NewInt(time))
-
-		case NUMBER:
-			number := self.env.BlockNumber()
-
-			stack.Push(number)
-
-		case DIFFICULTY:
-			difficulty := self.env.Difficulty()
-
-			stack.Push(difficulty)
-
-		case GASLIMIT:
-			// TODO
-			stack.Push(big.NewInt(0))
-
-			// 0x50 range
-		case PUSH1, PUSH2, PUSH3, PUSH4, PUSH5, PUSH6, PUSH7, PUSH8, PUSH9, PUSH10, PUSH11, PUSH12, PUSH13, PUSH14, PUSH15, PUSH16, PUSH17, PUSH18, PUSH19, PUSH20, PUSH21, PUSH22, PUSH23, PUSH24, PUSH25, PUSH26, PUSH27, PUSH28, PUSH29, PUSH30, PUSH31, PUSH32:
-			a := int(op - PUSH1 + 1)
-			val := ethutil.BigD(closure.GetBytes(int(pc+1), a))
-			// Push value to stack
-			stack.Push(val)
-
-			pc += a
-
-			step += int(op) - int(PUSH1) + 1
-		case POP:
-			require(1)
-			stack.Pop()
-		case DUP1, DUP2, DUP3, DUP4, DUP5, DUP6, DUP7, DUP8, DUP9, DUP10, DUP11, DUP12, DUP13, DUP14, DUP15, DUP16:
-			n := int(op - DUP1 + 1)
-			stack.Dupn(n)
-		case SWAP1, SWAP2, SWAP3, SWAP4, SWAP5, SWAP6, SWAP7, SWAP8, SWAP9, SWAP10, SWAP11, SWAP12, SWAP13, SWAP14, SWAP15, SWAP16:
-			n := int(op - SWAP1 + 2)
-			stack.Swapn(n)
-
-		case MLOAD:
-			require(1)
-			offset := stack.Pop()
-			val := ethutil.BigD(mem.Get(offset.Int64(), 32))
-			stack.Push(val)
-
-		case MSTORE: // Store the value at stack top-1 in to memory at location stack top
-			require(2)
-			// Pop value of the stack
-			val, mStart := stack.Popn()
-			mem.Set(mStart.Int64(), 32, ethutil.BigToBytes(val, 256))
-
-		case MSTORE8:
-			require(2)
-			off := stack.Pop()
-			val := stack.Pop()
-
-			mem.store[off.Int64()] = byte(val.Int64() & 0xff)
-
-		case SLOAD:
-			require(1)
-			loc := stack.Pop()
-			val := closure.GetStorage(loc)
-
-			stack.Push(val.BigInt())
-
-		case SSTORE:
-			require(2)
-			val, loc := stack.Popn()
-			closure.SetStorage(loc, ethutil.NewValue(val))
-
-			closure.message.AddStorageChange(loc.Bytes())
-
-		case JUMP:
-			require(1)
-			pc = int(stack.Pop().Int64())
-			// Reduce pc by one because of the increment that's at the end of this for loop
-
-			continue
-		case JUMPI:
-			require(2)
-			cond, pos := stack.Popn()
-			if cond.Cmp(ethutil.BigTrue) >= 0 {
-				pc = int(pos.Int64())
-
-				if closure.GetOp(int(pc)) != JUMPDEST {
-					return closure.Return(nil), fmt.Errorf("JUMP missed JUMPDEST %v", pc)
-				}
-
-				continue
-			}
-		case JUMPDEST:
-		case PC:
-			stack.Push(u256(int64(pc)))
-		case MSIZE:
-			stack.Push(big.NewInt(int64(mem.Len())))
-		case GAS:
-			stack.Push(closure.Gas)
-			// 0x60 range
-		case CREATE:
-			require(3)
-
-			var (
-				err          error
-				value        = stack.Pop()
-				size, offset = stack.Popn()
-				input        = mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
-				gas          = new(big.Int).Set(closure.Gas)
-
-				// Snapshot the current stack so we are able to
-				// revert back to it later.
-				//snapshot = self.env.State().Copy()
-			)
-
-			// Generate a new address
-			addr := crypto.CreateAddress(closure.Address(), closure.object.Nonce)
-			closure.object.Nonce++
-
-			closure.UseGas(closure.Gas)
-
-			msg := NewExecution(self, addr, input, gas, closure.Price, value)
-			ret, err := msg.Exec(addr, closure)
-			if err != nil {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-
-				// Revert the state as it was before.
-				//self.env.State().Set(snapshot)
-
-			} else {
-				msg.object.Code = ret
-
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(addr))
-			}
-
-		case CALL, CALLCODE:
-			require(7)
-
-			gas := stack.Pop()
-			// Pop gas and value of the stack.
-			value, addr := stack.Popn()
-			// Pop input size and offset
-			inSize, inOffset := stack.Popn()
-			// Pop return size and offset
-			retSize, retOffset := stack.Popn()
-
-			// Get the arguments from the memory
-			args := mem.Get(inOffset.Int64(), inSize.Int64())
-
-			var executeAddr []byte
-			if op == CALLCODE {
-				executeAddr = closure.Address()
-			} else {
-				executeAddr = addr.Bytes()
-			}
-
-			msg := NewExecution(self, executeAddr, args, gas, closure.Price, value)
-			ret, err := msg.Exec(addr.Bytes(), closure)
-			if err != nil {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
-			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
-
-				mem.Set(retOffset.Int64(), retSize.Int64(), ret)
-			}
-
-		case RETURN:
-			require(2)
-			size, offset := stack.Popn()
-			ret := mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
-
-			return closure.Return(ret), nil
-		case SUICIDE:
-			require(1)
-
-			receiver := self.env.State().GetOrNewStateObject(stack.Pop().Bytes())
-
-			receiver.AddAmount(closure.object.Balance())
-
-			closure.object.MarkForDeletion()
-
-			fallthrough
-		case STOP: // Stop the closure
-
-			return closure.Return(nil), nil
-		default:
-			vmlogger.Debugf("(pc) %-3v Invalid opcode %x\n", pc, op)
-
-			//panic(fmt.Sprintf("Invalid opcode %x", op))
-
-			return closure.Return(nil), fmt.Errorf("Invalid opcode %x", op)
-		}
-
-		pc++
-	}
+func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ClosureRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.Int, data []byte) (ret []byte, err error) {
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 func (self *Vm) Env() Environment {
diff --git a/vm/vm_debug.go b/vm/vm_debug.go
index 91d3c55c1..26756fceb 100644
--- a/vm/vm_debug.go
+++ b/vm/vm_debug.go
@@ -35,11 +35,26 @@ func NewDebugVm(env Environment) *DebugVm {
 		lt = LogTyDiff
 	}
 
-	return &DebugVm{env: env, logTy: lt, Recoverable: false}
+	return &DebugVm{env: env, logTy: lt, Recoverable: true}
 }
 
-func (self *DebugVm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
-	self.depth++
+func (self *DebugVm) Run(me, caller ClosureRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.Int, callData []byte) (ret []byte, err error) {
+	self.env.SetDepth(self.env.Depth() + 1)
+
+	msg := self.env.State().Manifest().AddMessage(&state.Message{
+		To: me.Address(), From: caller.Address(),
+		Input:  callData,
+		Origin: self.env.Origin(),
+		Block:  self.env.BlockHash(), Timestamp: self.env.Time(), Coinbase: self.env.Coinbase(), Number: self.env.BlockNumber(),
+		Value: value,
+	})
+	closure := NewClosure(msg, caller, me, code, gas, price)
+
+	if self.env.Depth() == MaxCallDepth {
+		closure.UseGas(gas)
+
+		return closure.Return(nil), DepthError{}
+	}
 
 	if self.Recoverable {
 		// Recover from any require exception
@@ -96,17 +111,12 @@ func (self *DebugVm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
 		}
 	)
 
-	// Debug hook
-	if self.Dbg != nil {
-		self.Dbg.SetCode(closure.Code)
-	}
-
 	// Don't bother with the execution if there's no code.
-	if len(closure.Code) == 0 {
+	if len(code) == 0 {
 		return closure.Return(nil), nil
 	}
 
-	vmlogger.Debugf("(%d) %x gas: %v (d) %x\n", self.depth, closure.Address(), closure.Gas, closure.Args)
+	vmlogger.Debugf("(%d) %x gas: %v (d) %x\n", self.depth, closure.Address(), closure.Gas, callData)
 
 	for {
 		prevStep = step
@@ -596,8 +606,6 @@ func (self *DebugVm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
 
 			self.Printf(" => %x", caller)
 		case CALLVALUE:
-			value := closure.exe.value
-
 			stack.Push(value)
 
 			self.Printf(" => %v", value)
@@ -605,27 +613,27 @@ func (self *DebugVm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
 			var (
 				offset  = stack.Pop()
 				data    = make([]byte, 32)
-				lenData = big.NewInt(int64(len(closure.Args)))
+				lenData = big.NewInt(int64(len(callData)))
 			)
 
 			if lenData.Cmp(offset) >= 0 {
 				length := new(big.Int).Add(offset, ethutil.Big32)
 				length = ethutil.BigMin(length, lenData)
 
-				copy(data, closure.Args[offset.Int64():length.Int64()])
+				copy(data, callData[offset.Int64():length.Int64()])
 			}
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", data)
 
 			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(data))
 		case CALLDATASIZE:
-			l := int64(len(closure.Args))
+			l := int64(len(callData))
 			stack.Push(big.NewInt(l))
 
 			self.Printf(" => %d", l)
 		case CALLDATACOPY:
 			var (
-				size = int64(len(closure.Args))
+				size = int64(len(callData))
 				mOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
 				cOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
 				l    = stack.Pop().Int64()
@@ -638,7 +646,7 @@ func (self *DebugVm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
 				l = 0
 			}
 
-			code := closure.Args[cOff : cOff+l]
+			code := callData[cOff : cOff+l]
 
 			mem.Set(mOff, l, code)
 
@@ -847,17 +855,14 @@ func (self *DebugVm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
 
 			closure.UseGas(closure.Gas)
 
-			msg := NewExecution(self, addr, input, gas, closure.Price, value)
-			ret, err := msg.Create(closure)
+			ret, err, ref := self.env.Create(closure, addr, input, gas, price, value)
 			if err != nil {
 				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 
-				// Revert the state as it was before.
-				//self.env.State().Set(snapshot)
-
 				self.Printf("CREATE err %v", err)
 			} else {
-				msg.object.Code = ret
+				ref.SetCode(ret)
+				msg.Output = ret
 
 				stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(addr))
 			}
@@ -889,14 +894,14 @@ func (self *DebugVm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
 				executeAddr = addr.Bytes()
 			}
 
-			msg := NewExecution(self, executeAddr, args, gas, closure.Price, value)
-			ret, err := msg.Exec(addr.Bytes(), closure)
+			ret, err := self.env.Call(closure, executeAddr, args, gas, price, value)
 			if err != nil {
 				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 
 				vmlogger.Debugln(err)
 			} else {
 				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
+				msg.Output = ret
 
 				mem.Set(retOffset.Int64(), retSize.Int64(), ret)
 			}