// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. // // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . package discover import ( "crypto/ecdsa" "crypto/elliptic" "encoding/hex" "errors" "fmt" "math/big" "math/rand" "net" "net/url" "regexp" "strconv" "strings" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/secp256k1" ) const nodeIDBits = 512 // Node represents a host on the network. // The fields of Node may not be modified. type Node struct { IP net.IP // len 4 for IPv4 or 16 for IPv6 UDP, TCP uint16 // port numbers ID NodeID // the node's public key // This is a cached copy of sha3(ID) which is used for node // distance calculations. This is part of Node in order to make it // possible to write tests that need a node at a certain distance. // In those tests, the content of sha will not actually correspond // with ID. sha common.Hash // whether this node is currently being pinged in order to replace // it in a bucket contested bool } // NewNode creates a new node. It is mostly meant to be used for // testing purposes. func NewNode(id NodeID, ip net.IP, udpPort, tcpPort uint16) *Node { if ipv4 := ip.To4(); ipv4 != nil { ip = ipv4 } return &Node{ IP: ip, UDP: udpPort, TCP: tcpPort, ID: id, sha: crypto.Sha3Hash(id[:]), } } func (n *Node) addr() *net.UDPAddr { return &net.UDPAddr{IP: n.IP, Port: int(n.UDP)} } // Incomplete returns true for nodes with no IP address. func (n *Node) Incomplete() bool { return n.IP == nil } // checks whether n is a valid complete node. func (n *Node) validateComplete() error { if n.Incomplete() { return errors.New("incomplete node") } if n.UDP == 0 { return errors.New("missing UDP port") } if n.TCP == 0 { return errors.New("missing TCP port") } if n.IP.IsMulticast() || n.IP.IsUnspecified() { return errors.New("invalid IP (multicast/unspecified)") } _, err := n.ID.Pubkey() // validate the key (on curve, etc.) return err } // The string representation of a Node is a URL. // Please see ParseNode for a description of the format. func (n *Node) String() string { u := url.URL{Scheme: "enode"} if n.Incomplete() { u.Host = fmt.Sprintf("%x", n.ID[:]) } else { addr := net.TCPAddr{IP: n.IP, Port: int(n.TCP)} u.User = url.User(fmt.Sprintf("%x", n.ID[:])) u.Host = addr.String() if n.UDP != n.TCP { u.RawQuery = "discport=" + strconv.Itoa(int(n.UDP)) } } return u.String() } var incompleteNodeURL = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)^(?:enode://)?([0-9a-f]+)$") // ParseNode parses a node designator. // // There are two basic forms of node designators // - incomplete nodes, which only have the public key (node ID) // - complete nodes, which contain the public key and IP/Port information // // For incomplete nodes, the designator must look like one of these // // enode:// // // // For complete nodes, the node ID is encoded in the username portion // of the URL, separated from the host by an @ sign. The hostname can // only be given as an IP address, DNS domain names are not allowed. // The port in the host name section is the TCP listening port. If the // TCP and UDP (discovery) ports differ, the UDP port is specified as // query parameter "discport". // // In the following example, the node URL describes // a node with IP address 10.3.58.6, TCP listening port 30303 // and UDP discovery port 30301. // // enode://@10.3.58.6:30303?discport=30301 func ParseNode(rawurl string) (*Node, error) { if m := incompleteNodeURL.FindStringSubmatch(rawurl); m != nil { id, err := HexID(m[1]) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid node ID (%v)", err) } return NewNode(id, nil, 0, 0), nil } return parseComplete(rawurl) } func parseComplete(rawurl string) (*Node, error) { var ( id NodeID ip net.IP tcpPort, udpPort uint64 ) u, err := url.Parse(rawurl) if err != nil { return nil, err } if u.Scheme != "enode" { return nil, errors.New("invalid URL scheme, want \"enode\"") } // Parse the Node ID from the user portion. if u.User == nil { return nil, errors.New("does not contain node ID") } if id, err = HexID(u.User.String()); err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid node ID (%v)", err) } // Parse the IP address. host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid host: %v", err) } if ip = net.ParseIP(host); ip == nil { return nil, errors.New("invalid IP address") } // Ensure the IP is 4 bytes long for IPv4 addresses. if ipv4 := ip.To4(); ipv4 != nil { ip = ipv4 } // Parse the port numbers. if tcpPort, err = strconv.ParseUint(port, 10, 16); err != nil { return nil, errors.New("invalid port") } udpPort = tcpPort qv := u.Query() if qv.Get("discport") != "" { udpPort, err = strconv.ParseUint(qv.Get("discport"), 10, 16) if err != nil { return nil, errors.New("invalid discport in query") } } return NewNode(id, ip, uint16(udpPort), uint16(tcpPort)), nil } // MustParseNode parses a node URL. It panics if the URL is not valid. func MustParseNode(rawurl string) *Node { n, err := ParseNode(rawurl) if err != nil { panic("invalid node URL: " + err.Error()) } return n } // NodeID is a unique identifier for each node. // The node identifier is a marshaled elliptic curve public key. type NodeID [nodeIDBits / 8]byte // NodeID prints as a long hexadecimal number. func (n NodeID) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%x", n[:]) } // The Go syntax representation of a NodeID is a call to HexID. func (n NodeID) GoString() string { return fmt.Sprintf("discover.HexID(\"%x\")", n[:]) } // HexID converts a hex string to a NodeID. // The string may be prefixed with 0x. func HexID(in string) (NodeID, error) { if strings.HasPrefix(in, "0x") { in = in[2:] } var id NodeID b, err := hex.DecodeString(in) if err != nil { return id, err } else if len(b) != len(id) { return id, fmt.Errorf("wrong length, want %d hex chars", len(id)*2) } copy(id[:], b) return id, nil } // MustHexID converts a hex string to a NodeID. // It panics if the string is not a valid NodeID. func MustHexID(in string) NodeID { id, err := HexID(in) if err != nil { panic(err) } return id } // PubkeyID returns a marshaled representation of the given public key. func PubkeyID(pub *ecdsa.PublicKey) NodeID { var id NodeID pbytes := elliptic.Marshal(pub.Curve, pub.X, pub.Y) if len(pbytes)-1 != len(id) { panic(fmt.Errorf("need %d bit pubkey, got %d bits", (len(id)+1)*8, len(pbytes))) } copy(id[:], pbytes[1:]) return id } // Pubkey returns the public key represented by the node ID. // It returns an error if the ID is not a point on the curve. func (id NodeID) Pubkey() (*ecdsa.PublicKey, error) { p := &ecdsa.PublicKey{Curve: secp256k1.S256(), X: new(big.Int), Y: new(big.Int)} half := len(id) / 2 p.X.SetBytes(id[:half]) p.Y.SetBytes(id[half:]) if !p.Curve.IsOnCurve(p.X, p.Y) { return nil, errors.New("id is invalid secp256k1 curve point") } return p, nil } // recoverNodeID computes the public key used to sign the // given hash from the signature. func recoverNodeID(hash, sig []byte) (id NodeID, err error) { pubkey, err := secp256k1.RecoverPubkey(hash, sig) if err != nil { return id, err } if len(pubkey)-1 != len(id) { return id, fmt.Errorf("recovered pubkey has %d bits, want %d bits", len(pubkey)*8, (len(id)+1)*8) } for i := range id { id[i] = pubkey[i+1] } return id, nil } // distcmp compares the distances a->target and b->target. // Returns -1 if a is closer to target, 1 if b is closer to target // and 0 if they are equal. func distcmp(target, a, b common.Hash) int { for i := range target { da := a[i] ^ target[i] db := b[i] ^ target[i] if da > db { return 1 } else if da < db { return -1 } } return 0 } // table of leading zero counts for bytes [0..255] var lzcount = [256]int{ 8, 7, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, } // logdist returns the logarithmic distance between a and b, log2(a ^ b). func logdist(a, b common.Hash) int { lz := 0 for i := range a { x := a[i] ^ b[i] if x == 0 { lz += 8 } else { lz += lzcount[x] break } } return len(a)*8 - lz } // hashAtDistance returns a random hash such that logdist(a, b) == n func hashAtDistance(a common.Hash, n int) (b common.Hash) { if n == 0 { return a } // flip bit at position n, fill the rest with random bits b = a pos := len(a) - n/8 - 1 bit := byte(0x01) << (byte(n%8) - 1) if bit == 0 { pos++ bit = 0x80 } b[pos] = a[pos]&^bit | ^a[pos]&bit // TODO: randomize end bits for i := pos + 1; i < len(a); i++ { b[i] = byte(rand.Intn(255)) } return b }