path: root/ControlFlowGraph.cpp

/*
    This file is part of cpp-ethereum.

    cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/**
 * @file ControlFlowGraph.cpp
 * @author Christian <c@ethdev.com>
 * @date 2015
 * Control flow analysis for the optimizer.
 */

#include <libevmasm/ControlFlowGraph.h>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <libevmasm/Exceptions.h>
#include <libevmasm/AssemblyItem.h>
#include <libevmasm/SemanticInformation.h>
#include <libevmasm/KnownState.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace dev;
using namespace dev::eth;

BlockId::BlockId(u256 const& _id): m_id(_id)
{
    assertThrow( _id < initial().m_id, OptimizerException, "Tag number too large.");
}

AssemblyItems ControlFlowGraph::optimisedItems()
{
    if (m_items.empty())
        return m_items;

    findLargestTag();
    splitBlocks();
    resolveNextLinks();
    removeUnusedBlocks();
    setPrevLinks();
    gatherKnowledge();

    return rebuildCode();
}

void ControlFlowGraph::findLargestTag()
{
    m_lastUsedId = 0;
    for (auto const& item: m_items)
        if (item.type() == Tag || item.type() == PushTag)
        {
            // Assert that it can be converted.
            BlockId(item.data());
            m_lastUsedId = max(unsigned(item.data()), m_lastUsedId);
        }
}

void ControlFlowGraph::splitBlocks()
{
    m_blocks.clear();
    BlockId id = BlockId::initial();
    m_blocks[id].begin = 0;
    for (size_t index = 0; index < m_items.size(); ++index)
    {
        AssemblyItem const& item = m_items.at(index);
        if (item.type() == Tag)
        {
            if (id)
                m_blocks[id].end = index;
            id = BlockId::invalid();
        }
        if (!id)
        {
            id = item.type() == Tag ? BlockId(item.data()) : generateNewId();
            m_blocks[id].begin = index;
        }
        if (item.type() == PushTag)
            m_blocks[id].pushedTags.push_back(BlockId(item.data()));
        if (SemanticInformation::altersControlFlow(item))
        {
            m_blocks[id].end = index + 1;
            if (item == Instruction::JUMP)
                m_blocks[id].endType = BasicBlock::EndType::JUMP;
            else if (item == Instruction::JUMPI)
                m_blocks[id].endType = BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI;
            else
                m_blocks[id].endType = BasicBlock::EndType::STOP;
            id = BlockId::invalid();
        }
    }
    if (id)
    {
        m_blocks[id].end = m_items.size();
        if (m_blocks[id].endType == BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER)
            m_blocks[id].endType = BasicBlock::EndType::STOP;
    }
}

void ControlFlowGraph::resolveNextLinks()
{
    map<unsigned, BlockId> blockByBeginPos;
    for (auto const& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
        if (idAndBlock.second.begin != idAndBlock.second.end)
            blockByBeginPos[idAndBlock.second.begin] = idAndBlock.first;

    for (auto& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
    {
        BasicBlock& block = idAndBlock.second;
        switch (block.endType)
        {
        case BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI:
        case BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER:
            assertThrow(
                blockByBeginPos.count(block.end),
                OptimizerException,
                "Successor block not found."
            );
            block.next = blockByBeginPos.at(block.end);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
}

void ControlFlowGraph::removeUnusedBlocks()
{
    vector<BlockId> blocksToProcess{BlockId::initial()};
    set<BlockId> neededBlocks{BlockId::initial()};
    while (!blocksToProcess.empty())
    {
        BasicBlock const& block = m_blocks.at(blocksToProcess.back());
        blocksToProcess.pop_back();
        for (BlockId tag: block.pushedTags)
            if (!neededBlocks.count(tag))
            {
                neededBlocks.insert(tag);
                blocksToProcess.push_back(tag);
            }
        if (block.next && !neededBlocks.count(block.next))
        {
            neededBlocks.insert(block.next);
            blocksToProcess.push_back(block.next);
        }
    }
    for (auto it = m_blocks.begin(); it != m_blocks.end();)
        if (neededBlocks.count(it->first))
            ++it;
        else
            m_blocks.erase(it++);
}

void ControlFlowGraph::setPrevLinks()
{
    for (auto& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
    {
        BasicBlock& block = idAndBlock.second;
        switch (block.endType)
        {
        case BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI:
        case BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER:
            assertThrow(
                !m_blocks.at(block.next).prev,
                OptimizerException,
                "Successor already has predecessor."
            );
            m_blocks[block.next].prev = idAndBlock.first;
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
    // If block ends with jump to not yet linked block, link them removing the jump
    for (auto& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
    {
        BlockId blockId = idAndBlock.first;
        BasicBlock& block = idAndBlock.second;
        if (block.endType != BasicBlock::EndType::JUMP || block.end - block.begin < 2)
            continue;
        AssemblyItem const& push = m_items.at(block.end - 2);
        if (push.type() != PushTag)
            continue;
        BlockId nextId(push.data());
        if (m_blocks.at(nextId).prev)
            continue;
        bool hasLoop = false;
        for (BlockId id = nextId; id && !hasLoop; id = m_blocks.at(id).next)
            hasLoop = (id == blockId);
        if (hasLoop)
            continue;

        m_blocks[nextId].prev = blockId;
        block.next = nextId;
        block.end -= 2;
        assertThrow(
            !block.pushedTags.empty() && block.pushedTags.back() == nextId,
            OptimizerException,
            "Last pushed tag not at end of pushed list."
        );
        block.pushedTags.pop_back();
        block.endType = BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER;
    }
}

void ControlFlowGraph::gatherKnowledge()
{
    // @todo actually we know that memory is filled with zeros at the beginning,
    // we could make use of that.
    shared_ptr<KnownState> emptyState = make_shared<KnownState>();
    ExpressionClasses& expr = emptyState->expressionClasses();
    bool unknownJumpEncountered = false;

    vector<pair<BlockId, shared_ptr<KnownState>>> workQueue({make_pair(BlockId::initial(), emptyState->copy())});
    while (!workQueue.empty())
    {
        //@todo we might have to do something like incrementing the sequence number for each JUMPDEST
        assertThrow(!!workQueue.back().first, OptimizerException, "");
        BasicBlock& block = m_blocks.at(workQueue.back().first);
        shared_ptr<KnownState> state = workQueue.back().second;
        workQueue.pop_back();
        if (block.startState)
        {
            state->reduceToCommonKnowledge(*block.startState);
            if (*state == *block.startState)
                continue;
        }

        block.startState = state->copy();
        //@todo we might know the return address for the first pass, but not anymore for the second,
        // -> store knowledge about tags as a union.

        // Feed all items except for the final jump yet because it will erase the target tag.
        unsigned pc = block.begin;
        while (pc < block.end && !SemanticInformation::altersControlFlow(m_items.at(pc)))
            state->feedItem(m_items.at(pc++));

        if (
            block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::JUMP ||
            block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI
        )
        {
            assertThrow(block.begin <= pc && pc == block.end - 1, OptimizerException, "");
            //@todo in the case of JUMPI, add knowledge about the condition to the state
            // (for both values of the condition)
            BlockId nextBlock = expressionClassToBlockId(
                state->stackElement(state->stackHeight(), SourceLocation()),
                expr
            );
            state->feedItem(m_items.at(pc++));
            if (nextBlock)
                workQueue.push_back(make_pair(nextBlock, state->copy()));
            else if (!unknownJumpEncountered)
            {
                // We do not know where this jump goes, so we have to reset the states of all
                // JUMPDESTs.
                unknownJumpEncountered = true;
                for (auto const& it: m_blocks)
                    if (it.second.begin < it.second.end && m_items[it.second.begin].type() == Tag)
                        workQueue.push_back(make_pair(it.first, emptyState->copy()));
            }
        }
        else if (block.begin <= pc && pc < block.end)
            state->feedItem(m_items.at(pc++));
        assertThrow(block.end <= block.begin || pc == block.end, OptimizerException, "");

        block.endState = state;

        if (
            block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER ||
            block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI
        )
            workQueue.push_back(make_pair(block.next, state->copy()));
    }
}

AssemblyItems ControlFlowGraph::rebuildCode()
{
    map<BlockId, unsigned> pushes;
    for (auto& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
        for (BlockId ref: idAndBlock.second.pushedTags)
            pushes[ref]++;

    set<BlockId> blocksToAdd;
    for (auto it: m_blocks)
        blocksToAdd.insert(it.first);
    set<BlockId> blocksAdded;
    AssemblyItems code;

    for (
        BlockId blockId = BlockId::initial();
        blockId;
        blockId = blocksToAdd.empty() ? BlockId::invalid() : *blocksToAdd.begin()
    )
    {
        bool previousHandedOver = (blockId == BlockId::initial());
        while (m_blocks.at(blockId).prev)
            blockId = m_blocks.at(blockId).prev;
        for (; blockId; blockId = m_blocks.at(blockId).next)
        {
            BasicBlock& block = m_blocks.at(blockId);
            blocksToAdd.erase(blockId);
            blocksAdded.insert(blockId);

            auto begin = m_items.begin() + block.begin;
            auto end = m_items.begin() + block.end;
            if (begin == end)
                continue;
            // If block starts with unused tag, skip it.
            if (previousHandedOver && !pushes[blockId] && begin->type() == Tag)
            {
                ++begin;
                ++block.begin;
            }
            previousHandedOver = (block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER);
            copy(begin, end, back_inserter(code));
        }
    }

    return code;
}

BlockId ControlFlowGraph::expressionClassToBlockId(
    ExpressionClasses::Id _id,
    ExpressionClasses& _exprClasses
)
{
    ExpressionClasses::Expression expr = _exprClasses.representative(_id);
    if (expr.item && expr.item->type() == PushTag)
        return BlockId(expr.item->data());
    else
        return BlockId::invalid();
}

BlockId ControlFlowGraph::generateNewId()
{
    BlockId id = BlockId(++m_lastUsedId);
    assertThrow(id < BlockId::initial(), OptimizerException, "Out of block IDs.");
    return id;
}